Responding to my last post, On Guilt or Innocence While Intoxicated a commenter named Samantha who shortens it to Sam at the end pointed out that my argument that the line dividing competence to consent to sexual overtures breaks down at the same point one is intoxicated enough that reasonable third parties would ask for their car keys.
Of course we shouldn't be saying that all victims must be sober in order to "count." But where it seems to me that this gets complicated is that after a mugging, one person is missing the wallet and the other one has it; after a shooting, one person is dead and the other is alive. But after intercourse between two drunk people, both people had sex (or, were raped?). I agree with the upshot that people too drunk to consent or to get consent shouldn't be having sex, period, but this doesn't much help with establishing the identities of perpetrators and victims.
Brief quibble: It might be more accurate to say it doesn't help much with establishing the guilt or innocence of perpetrators. But I think it can still be used consistently and fairly to determine whether the party or parties were to "tipsy" to competently consent or competently distinguish a prospective partner's consent.
I don't think this is all that big a problem because to a large extent it's already been solved in other contexts. Based on considerable case law on the liability of bartenders and hosts when they serve to someone who's intoxication later leads to injuries or death, the fact that it's vague isn't as important as one might reflexively make it. Specifically, a guideline, rule, or law doesn't have to handle *every* edge case to severely narrow the area in which edge cases -- what's sometimes called the 'gray area" -- occurs. Judges, prosecutors, and defense attorneys have established some pretty effective methods for determining drunkenness and liability after the fact, even in cases where "hard facts" like blood alcohol levels are in question. And therefore it shouldn't be that difficult to apply those same established criteria to questions of whether or not a victim was deemed competent to drive, and therefore whether he or she was competent to autonomously decide to have sex.
Now mind you, this seems to be the only area where establishing an accuser's intoxication or sobriety might be used against his or her assertion of having been attacked. (For instance how many non-sexual assault victims have to demonstrate that they were sober before someone will accept their accusation that the didn't want to be in a fight? Even if the accused said no, it was all in good fun and it wasn't fighting it was consensual sparring.) But that's actually neither here nor there -- another edge case and an analogy to boot. But in the main, anyone with experience in the field of host/bartender liability would have no trouble in the field of intoxication assault.
Oh, and speaking of bar fights and assault there's another metric where bartenders (probably more than lawyers or judges) are likely to have perfectly average judgment: assessing whether someone in a bar fight was just the loser of a two-party fight or the victim of a one-party fight. Even when both parties to a fight are equally intoxicated body language, behavior, shock response, between someone who actively participated in a fight but lost and someone who hadn't wished to fight at all is readily apparent. Even a day later when they've sobered up. I'm not about to say "oh, let's just be all subjective about it" but I'm very confident that it's an assessable and teachable skill. That, now that I think about it, might be an interesting public-safety research project.
Bottom line, though, is that based on several years of third-hand, second-hand, and I'm now very ashamed to say first-hand experience in college bar culture in the mid-1970s (the era Mary Koss was prompted to begin her research, incidentally) the issue isn't *quite* as clear-cut as some proponents say but it's *waaaay* less ambiguous than almost any detractors say.
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Hi Figleaf - Wow, thank you
Submitted by samantha (not verified) on Wed, 2012-12-26 20:18.Hi Figleaf - Wow, thank you very much for the extended response (both here and in your reply to my original comment). Perhaps I'm not fully understanding your response, but I think what I struggle with is actually a bit closer to how I originally phrased it: the identity of the perpetrator vis a vis the victim (i.e., which is which?). For example: if Joe and Jane are both really drunk, you and I agree that it is a terrible idea for them to have sex - a terrible idea akin to getting behind the wheel while intoxicated. But if they do have sex anyway (or if one of them perpetrates a sexual act on the other), how do we know that Joe is the perpetrator and Jane the victim (or vice versa)? I wouldn't consider this an edge case; drunk people have sex with/rape each other all the time, and there's often not a clear way to establish whether one - or which one - was the aggressor. Perhaps another way to phrase my question would be: drunkennness makes you "too drunk to make a competent decision about your own or a prospective partner's consent." How do we know which party was too drunk to consent (presumably the victim) and which party was too drunk to perceive consent (presumably the perpetrator)? Or, do you disagree with this framework altogether? Apologies if I've misunderstood you in some way. I agree with your point about discerning "the loser of a two-party fight [vs] the victim of a one-party fight" - it seems like an analogy can be drawn here. But I think this is hard, especially if one or both parties have no memory of the event.
I don't pose this question to be contentious, to "quibble vigorously." I consider myself a very outspoken (and I like to think, well-informed) critic of rape culture - but this specific issue has always eluded me.
It may continue to elude you
Submitted by figleaf on Thu, 2012-12-27 00:40.It may continue to elude you at least for a little longer. What I mean is that even though my metric won't handle the question of which way or whether consent between two equally totally-wasted individuals was given, it will work well in a number of other situations that are still considered "gray area." What's important about my metric is that it hits at a) a commonly recognized and watched-for point of intoxication that's also b) well before the point of complete incoherence and/or unconsciousness. And yeah, on the one hand that's also sober enough to object that no, in fact, one is conscious enough to consent... but it's the same objection raised when keys are asked for! Oh, final point: it's been more than a generation but people really are finally accepting when someone says "you've had enough, I'm going to ask for your keys." With that precedent established it should take less time to make the same "are you sure" point about deciding to have sex. And besides, YOLA and all that notwithstanding, waiting as little as four to six hours to have sex really isn't going to kill anyone, much as pop culture would have us believe otherwise. Aaaannnddd I suspect it would create space for a heck of a lot more people -- both those who consent *and* those who ask for it -- to be glad they waited. One way or another. Anyway, to get back to your question, Sam, I *think* once the "too drunk to drive" meme became established it would tend to reduce (but again not eliminate) the both-too-drunk-to-tell scenarios. Oh, one last thing? You know how there's the "just say no" campaigns and "don't be that guy" and other catchy memes that you still remember even when you're toasted? It might be productive to introduce a very friendly "ask me again in the morning" meme to cover those too drunk to competently decide situations. --fl
I just have to state that the
Submitted by Tamen (not verified) on Fri, 2012-12-28 03:50.I just have to state that the prevalence of one-sided campains like "don't be that guy", "men can stop rape", "Real men don't rape" and so on don't cover all those situations.
No, definitely true that no
Submitted by figleaf on Fri, 2012-12-28 18:36.No, definitely true that no one campaign covers all situations. Each one chips away at the problem though. And to the extent those particular campaigns help chip away the large overhang of unfortunately-reality-driven perception it will continue to be hard to get across that disregard for consent can befall anyone and that it can befall them at the hands of anyone.
I'd just add that maybe I feel more confident about the eventual outcome having grown up in an era where theonly thing that "counted" in society's eyes was jump-out-of-the-bushes-with-a-knife assault. We take a lot of other types of violation of volition, decision-making, and consent a lot more seriously now. Which is important in my book not least because even non-violent coersion and pressure increase overall mistrust, and mistrust *increases* overall wariness where consent might otherwise be given.
--fl
"Each one chips away at the
Submitted by Tamen (not verified) on Sat, 2012-12-29 08:26."Each one chips away at the problem though."
See, here I have to disagree a bit.
There are many campaigns that chip away at the problem with people (read men) not respecting women's consent. There are a few campaigns that chip away at the problem with men not respecting men's consent. There are next to none campaigns that chip away at the problem of women not respecting men's consent. And given the results from the NISVS 2010 the age old assertion that that almost never happens is disproven.
This "invisibility" of the problem with women not respecting men's consent are contributing to the problem. So by chipping away at just one side of the block on is adding to the other side of the block.
How on earth is educating
Submitted by Irene (not verified) on Sat, 2012-12-29 17:05.How on earth is educating people about consent, even if it has sometimes been a bit too one-sided, heterocentric, etc., in any way "added to the other side of the block"? That doesn't make any sense. You might as well say that campaigns to end violence against gay people have made some groups more apt to go out and beat up trans people.
It is not that educating
Submitted by Tamen (not verified) on Wed, 2013-01-02 04:59.It is not that educating people about consent has been a bit too one-sided, it has been up to recently almost completely one-sided.
As I believe Figleaf tries to say below. If anti-rape campaigns solely was a about assault-rape by strange men (as unfortunately they were for a long time) then that would in my view add to the number of rape by acquintances or dates in a party or date setting to mention a couple of examples. This simply because the men listening to that campaign would tend to think that "I don't attack strange women when they walk home at dark" while not recognizing that they in fact raped their date by not respecting her no and either physically or verbally coerced them into non-consenting sex.
Likewise I strongly suspect that my rapist to this day is blissfully unaware that she raped me. She probably have heard a lot of how men should respect a woman's no, that a man should make sure that he's got her consent before initiating sex. She probably never heard that a woman should get a man's consent before she initiates sex with him (I had never heard that anywhere). The erection I got while I was asleep was apparently enough to override the "no intercourse"-talk we had while making.out before we fell asleep. I believe she wouldn't have done that to me had she been educated that my consent mattered.
Educating about rape in a one-sided way to the exclusion or near exclusion (a token-representation just to shut up the "what-about-the-menz" people is insufficient) does prevent male-on-female rape. Educating about rape in a two-sided way will prevent just as many male-on-female rapes while also preventing female-on-male rape.
All this is apparently way more controversial in feminists circles than I suspected it would be.
If anti-rape campaigns solely
Submitted by Irene (not verified) on Wed, 2013-01-02 13:15.If anti-rape campaigns solely was a about assault-rape by strange men (as unfortunately they were for a long time) then that would in my view add to the number of rape by acquintances or dates in a party or date setting to mention a couple of examples.
Failing to decrease a number is not the same thing as adding to it. Heck, I don't know whether we've yet succeeded in decreasing that number a whole lot even with all the publicity. And feminist campaigns against rape have from the beginning been about expanding the understanding of rape to include marital rape, non-forcible rape, etc. By the time we got anti-rape campaigns in the 1970s or so, that was well under way, not just stranger-danger stuff. (See books.google.com/books?id=B-MCAAAAMBAJ&pg=PA26 for an article by Gail Sheehy from early 1971 that certainly does talk about stranger rapes, but also has a great deal to say about incest, molestation, acquaintance rape, rape by authority figures, etc.) What you're talking about is more of the same, a yet broader understanding of what has been going on all along, not something opposed to what feminists were arguing for way back when.
I believe she wouldn't have done that to me had she been educated that my consent mattered.
That may well be true. Indeed, if we're to consider that there's any good to be done, we have to think that education is going to change some people. But saying there's more to the job is not the same thing as saying everything that's been done up until now was a bad idea.
Incidentally, I just noticed a possible reason that "consent" didn't become a buzzword until relatively recently in the 1971 article, in which the then-current concept of "consent" is spoken of bitterly and in scare quotes because it was often legally assumed to exist in any context where the man and woman already knew each other. "In some states, the victim is taken directly to the hospital, where a semen count is registered. This, of course, will not work with the doctor-as-rapist, the acquaintance-as-rapist, and others who fall under the humiliating legal concept left over from the Middle Ages that rape with 'consent' is love." You can see why it might have been a long haul to get from there to the chirpy slogan that "consent is sexy."
For direct, personal reasons
Submitted by figleaf on Sat, 2012-12-29 21:50.For direct, personal reasons I'm quite sympathetic to the point that a) women can be coercive and b) that male victims are taken even less seriously than are female victims. And it's actually a major agenda item of mine to challenge the gendered two-rules-of-desire that make it inconceivable that women can be sexual assailants or men their victims. That said it makes exactly zero sense to say that reducing the number of male->female assaults "adds on to" the number of female->male assaults.
In fact, not to be tetchy, but just as reducing the number of violent jump-out-of-the-bushes assaults on women made it harder to overlook pressure, intimidation, and "intoxication" assaults more seriously, it's similarly true that the success of "don't be that guy" campaigns makes it harder to overlook similar "soft" coercion of men by women. --fl
I just remembered the post in
Submitted by Irene (not verified) on Sat, 2012-12-29 22:17.I just remembered the post in which you said
And the answer, it occurred to me, is that what we really need, what would really alter those conversations, would be to stop saying, say, "But men get raped too."
And change it to "And men get raped too."
http://www.realadultsex.com/archives/2011/06/difference-between-and-and-...
"That said it makes exactly
Submitted by Tamen (not verified) on Wed, 2013-01-02 05:13."That said it makes exactly zero sense to say that reducing the number of male->female assaults "adds on to" the number of female->male assaults."
Sigh, that was not what I was trying to say. Excluding the explicit concept of women needing consent from their male partner's before initiating sex makes it more likely that women will fail to do so, or perhaps more accurately: less likely that women will fail to do so.
After re-reading your comment I think I may have misread it the first time. I thought you were saying that a single focus on rape as a "violent jump-out-of-the-bushes" assault in fact contributes to the problem of acquaintance rape.
It is my understanding that the increasing focus on "acquaintance"-rape did not come as a consequence (as in ) of the focus on "stranger rape", but as a reaction to a focus which precluded "other forms" of rape. I've seen many feminist analysis which decries the danger of only viewing rape as "stranger rape". In fact I didn't think it was an uncommon view that this one-sided focus on "stranger rape" contributed to "acquaintance"-rape, spousal rape and so on.
I think the same dynamic applies when consent is taught in a one-sided manner along a gender-axis.
errata: "Excluding the
Submitted by Tamen (not verified) on Wed, 2013-01-02 16:03.errata:
"Excluding the explicit concept of women needing consent from their male partner's before initiating sex makes it more likely that women will fail to do so, or perhaps more accurately: less likely that women do obtain that consent before proceeding."
Also, echoing Jericka's point
Submitted by figleaf on Sun, 2012-12-30 12:22.Also, echoing Jericka's point below, the original story in this three-post series (About Degrees of "Tipsy," Consent, and the Ability to Recognize Consent) was... about a woman who knowingly took advantage of a man while he was too drunk to make a competent decision, and who did so despite knowing his clearly stated preference while sober not to have sex after a bad breakup. So...? --fl
I think you mean the story
Submitted by Irene (not verified) on Sun, 2012-12-30 13:37.I think you mean the story referenced one post earlier than that, ozyfrantz.com/2012/12/14/on-rapists-who-have-no-idea-that-rape-is-wrong/ ?
I'm confused by that last
Submitted by Irene (not verified) on Wed, 2013-01-02 13:06.I'm confused by that last sentence. Wouldn't mistrust increase wariness, making one less likely to consent?
I'm totally a scatterbrain
Submitted by figleaf on Wed, 2013-01-02 13:58.I'm totally a scatterbrain these days. So it's a *perfect* time to start a new blog, right?!?!? Anyway, typo fixed (I started to say it some other way and then didn't tidy up my cases.) Also, Irene, if I had an editing budget I'd totally hire you. You're great. Thanks! --fl
I find it amusing, in a sad
Submitted by Jericka (not verified) on Sun, 2012-12-30 12:05.I find it amusing, in a sad way, that you picked a pretty damned gender neutral post, on a site that is aware of the social constructs that make it hard for a guy to come forward about being raped(the bogus two rules of desire) to make this point.
If you are going to be all "but what about the men!" this post and this blog seem to be a weird place to do it. (my opinion)
Seriously? Count the pronouns and reread the post! It is ALL ABOUT NOT ASSUMING ONE PERSON OR ANOTHER IS GUILTY OF RAPE.
Sorry for the yelling, but, just ....really? Here?
Did you have an issue with
Submitted by Tamen (not verified) on Wed, 2013-01-02 04:39.Did you have an issue with the actual point I was making or not? Why not address that rather than my motivation for putting it here rather than other places?
I strongly feel it is problem that no campaigns seem to raise the issue of male consent to the level it deserves according to the latest statistics from NISVS 2010 for instance. In a pretty gender-neutral post (I agree on that and the use of pronouns by Figleaf was noted by me (which is why I didn't complain about that)) Figleaf ended with a list of anti-rape campaigns - all of whom at least by name are directed solely at men (as perpetrators). No campaigns directed at women as perpetators or men as victims were mentioned. I don't think it is Figleaf's fault for not mentioning any as it can be hard to do so when there as far as I know is none. I lamented the fact that there is none and mentioned why I think that is a problem.
If you don't think that's a problem I'd be interested in hearing why.
Understood. Thanks for the
Submitted by samantha (not verified) on Sat, 2013-01-05 07:26.Understood. Thanks for the reply!
Thank you so much for this
Submitted by InkCube (not verified) on Sat, 2012-12-29 11:41.Thank you so much for this analogy, Sam (and Figleaf for sharing it).
"after a mugging, one person is missing the wallet and the other one has it; after a shooting, one person is dead and the other is alive. But after intercourse between two drunk people, both people had sex (or, were raped?)"
This captures the source of my uneasiness with a lot of points usually made in discussions about this topic that I just never could fully put into words. If only it wasn't so elusive!