assumptions

Look a Peacock in the "Eyes" and Answer Whether Its Tail is for Mating or Defense

Evolutionary biologist Bjørn Østman of Pleiotropy tackles one of the oldest articles of faith in sexual selection. (Emphasis his.)

Oh.. dear, I’m becoming one of those annoying obsessed types – with the peacock tail. For the I don’t know what time, someone is stating as fact that the peacock’s tail evolved via sexual selection. Here’s one Denis Dutton on TED:

The peacocks magnificent tail is the most famous example of this [sexual selection]. It did not evolve for natural survival. In fact, it goes against natural survival. No, the peacock’s tail results from the mating choices made by peahens.

I’ve said it somewhere before, but I’ll just go on and say it as many times as the editor [a.k.a. Østman] of this blog allows me: THE PEACOCK’S TAIL SCARES AWAY PREDATORS! (I’m told all-caps gets the message across).

Now, I admit immediately that this is not a well tested hypothesis. Here are the two pieces of evidence that I have: I have myself seen a peacock raise its tail in San Diego Zoo when it was approached by… children. They were going too close, and as a result it raised its tail feathers (yeah, I know, correlation/causation – maybe the peacock was horny at the sight of humans its own size).

Source: Pleiotropy

He mentions that he’s seen peacocks behave the same way towards dogs and cats. He pulls videos from YouTube demonstrating the effect. One including an impossibly adorable (cinematically Disneyfied) video short of a pug vs. peacock encounter. If you don’t like cutesy animal videos that clip is still significant because even though the peacock is not in mating plumage it still exhibits the same tail-fanning behavior and it still scares the pug.

There’s also the business about the “eyes” in peacock plumes — many, many animals from fish to insects to birds have eye mimicry on their bodies, and based on effects on predators they appear to work at least on the margin.

Østman is very clear that peacock tails also serve to attract mates. I couldn’t agree more — as he says, “It is unlikely the the peacocks fan their tails at peahens in order to scare them away.” And no, really, truly, there’s good evidence that peahens prefer mates with big fans, and that those who get mates with bigger fans have more and healthier offspring

It’s also likely that “runaway” sexual selection is responsible for the elaborateness of current displays. After all, the video with the pug that the effect is still pretty, well, effective even when the birds are not in full plumage. That implies that while big fans might be more effective, small ones can be pretty effective too. (Against pugs anyway.)

But the (entirely testable) hypothesis that the display also seems to benefit survival against predators suggests it’s better to call it a metaphor for fitness “signaling” than the pure signaling-only play advanced by sociobiology and evolutionary psychology fetishists.

Which came first? I’m guessing plain old-fashioned evolutionary biologists and/or animal behaviorists can untangle that. Do related but largely plume-less species (e.g. guineafowl) have similar defensive displays of tail feathers? Do peahens flash their tail feathers at predators? Speaking of evolutionary psychology, do peacocks appear to exercise flash-or-flee discernment in the face of different kinds or sizes of predators? Are somewhat larger and stronger peacocks really at a flight disadvantage compared to peahens of similar health and age? The data to support both hypotheses is available on YouTube. If I was an enterprising young biologist, or even more likely an enterprising philosophy of science major, I’d try and get at least one paper out of the phenomenon.


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More Sites for my Blogroll: BABESNetwork Supports Women with HIV, ADWAS Supports Deaf Victims of Domestic Abuse

So this weekend at a local community-service fair this weekend I ran across two great organizations everyone else might already know about but I didn’t.

BABES Network logo - Image cached as a bandwidth-conserving courtesy
BABES Network logo

First, the YWCA sponsors a group called Babes Network, “a sisterhood of women facing HIV together since 1989.” BABES network is Seattle based peer support group. Their mission is to reduce isolation and stigma and to promote empowerment and quality of life for women and families dealing with HIV. So much of what we hear about “women with HIV/AIDS” presents them as passive, inevitably as victims (unless maybe they’re IV drug users), probably straight, probably poor and poorly educated, and generally as living and dying somewhere far away like the Ukraine or sub-Saharan Africa, and so on. This just… might be because despite all the stigma, and despite the terrible impact of HIV once the transition to AIDS is complete, there’s no real way to know if either the presentable young woman at a reference desk, or the shambling elderly woman she might be assisting is HIV positive. And so one tends to assume they aren’t. In fact both might have it. And yet, invisibility isn’t quite the same thing as non-existent.

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The old quip “on the internet nobody can hear you scream” comes with its own little helping of privilege. Another invisible-in-plain-sight demograhic is served by the Abused Deaf Women’s Advocacy Services or ADWAS.org which “provides comprehensive services to Deaf and Deaf-Blind victims/survivors of sexual assault, domestic violence, and stalking. ADWAS believes that violence is a learned behavior and envisions a world where violence is not tolerated.” They also started in Seattle, in 1986, and have spread to 20 communities around the U.S.


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The Unorthodox Advantages of Enjoying Penny Pinching Lentils with Wallet-Busting Wine

In the course of writing his perfectly work-safe food-and-lifestyle blog, Daniel of blog Casual Kitchen offers thoughtful insights that are applicable not only to food and home economics but sex and relationships as well.

Consider his post responding to the criticism that he’s not consistently orthodox about frugality.

However, I’ve also written posts you’d never expect to see in a frugal food blog. Many people would make the case that articles on Kona coffee and champagne, or posts about our extended visits to Chile, Hawaii and New Zealand have absolutely no place here. Some readers have pushed back hard against these posts, saying essentially that it’s misleading, even hypocritical, to write with one hand about lentil soup at 60c a serving, and then turn around and write with the other hand about $29-a-pound coffee.

Does the world of frugality require this degree of rigid orthodoxy? And if you don’t adhere at all times to an impossibly high frugality standard, are you, like, some kind of a cheater?

Some of us even internalize this frugality standard to the point where it becomes a source of guilt. I’ve seen talented bloggers beat themselves up on their own blogs because they weren’t always following all of the frugal ideas and recommendations they offer their readers.

Winners, losers and lentils

And then there’s an exact opposite reaction I often see: people will react with inappropriately magnified revulsion to a certain frugal tip or practice, as if a certain tip, like eating lentils, psychologically pushes them over the edge into a place where they feel like a cheap loser.

Look, this is all ankle-biting. It misses the point.

So what is the point? It’s this: frugality is all about making thoughtful choices about how and where you spend your money. It’s about allocating your money to things that are most important. And when I say “most important” I mean most important to you. Not what meets some imagined and impossibly high frugality standard.

You are not on this earth to make spending choices to meet some imagined social construct. And you are most definitely not on this earth to impress your neighbors or social peers, either by what you save or by what you spend. Frugality is not some kind of a contest with winners and losers.

The right to break your own rules

Here’s the ultimate truth and the real advantage to regularly using your frugality muscles. If you make conscious and intelligent choices with how you spend the bulk of your income, you’ll have extra money around to break your frugality rules if and when you want to. You’ll have the resources available to splurge on the good stuff from time to time. That’s the real reward of a life of conscious spending decisions.

He said it here.

Note: Yes, I’m reposting nearly the whole thing, but I think it would be a mistake not to go read large parts of his blog for yourself. Especially but not only if you cook for yourself at home. But I digress…

Feel free to substitute your relationship to orthodoxy in matters of sex, gender, orientation, fidelity, kink, and so on. Unorthodoxy or inconsistency is hypocrisy if and only if you insist you adhere to standards you don’t in fact adhere to. It’s only hypocrisy when you insist that others adhere to standards you advocate but do not yourself live up to.

In other words the point of standards isn’t to be an end in themselves — a possibly-natural misunderstanding that can result in straining gnats while swallowing camels. Instead the point of standards is to create a space where everyone can generate the most possible light with the least possible heat. Except, of course, when it makes sense to generate a little heat as well.

In other words the benefits of standards are almost the opposite of the intentions of orthodoxy.

You eat lentils at sixty cents per (perhaps-surprisingly delicious!) serving precisely so you can enjoy $29.00/pound coffee… if that’s what you want to drink. You work your ass off to preserve and expand and canonize choice so that you and everyone else can have all the children they want. And even if you’re heterosexual you stand up for universal marriage, not just because it’s the “right thing” that everyone enjoy the social, legal, and financial benefits but also so you can marry whom you choose, and not just because of those social, legal, and financial advantages.


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On Sex on the First Date: Turns Out You Didn't Have to Wait an Hour Before Going Swimming Either

In the kind of news that’s bound to disappoint somebody Em & Lo boil down research on first-date sex to

Once you factor out people who weren’t serious about entering a relationship in the first place, it’s pretty much even-stevens. Meaning, couples who boinked on the first date tend to be just as happy and satisfied in their long-term relationship as couples who held off for a while

They said it here.

This is the kind of report that’s going to disappoint practically everybody. First of all it’s obviously going to upset slut-shamers like Susan Walsh and Caitlin Flannagan who make careers out of saying the best way to get a man is to never have sex at all. But it’s also going to disappoint generations of long-term couples who were madly drawn to each other when they met but held back for fear of jinxing their prospects.

That doesn’t mean everyone should run out and start having one-night stands — I’m still a big fan of waiting till the third date to kiss… followed by carpet-unraveling abandon thereafter. In fact I think it’s unlikely to change people’s behavior much at all.

I mean, I think it’ll be more like the end of the false but once iron-clad rule that you’d die if you went swimming less than an hour after eating: you can do what seems sensible rather than fearful or desperate to you and probably be just fine. Whether it’s on the 1st date or the 101st.


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Police Don't Really Protect Victims of Battery or Sexual Assault... Why Believe They "Protect" Sex Workers?

Amanda Brooks of Bound, Not Gagged posts the story of a 40-year-old business owner and mother of three who was arrested while moonlighting as an escort. One needn’t favor legalization of sex work (as I do) to appreciate either her story or the following, really fucking critical point:

When I called the police after being beaten by my first husband, they refused to protect me. In fact, they blamed me for his drinking and womanizing. Even after the doctors told the cops that I was one blow from having my skull shattered, they blamed me. When I was brutally raped on a date rape, kicking and screaming, and went to the police, they did nothing. They blamed me because I’d been drinking. And, you know, for being female. Great. So now I’m happily making money, stimulating both the economy and the gentlemen of the area, and here they are banging down my door. Like the Gestapo. They told me they were “protecting” me. From what? As an escort, I could afford condoms, blood screens, regular medical checks. Gentlemen who are willing to pay for sex are, in my experience, much more respectful than the ones who expect it for free. The ones who raped and battered me were getting free sex. The ones who paid, were kind and respectful.

She said it here.

Point #1: the police (or, more correctly, society and its instructions to and constraints on police) aren’t particularly effective at protecting women from assault, abuse, rape, or battery. Consequently anyone who argues they’re trying to “protect” the sex workers they rescue is a liar.

Point #2: Considering the conservative bona fides of your average anti-prostitution activist, her words about the differences between men who pay for sex and the men who expect it for free ought to resonate with Über-conservative silverback Newt Gingrich’s repeated point that humans have an astonishing tendency to abuse and neglect that which they don’t pay for. I happen to believe Gingrich is mostly batshit insane, but that shouldn’t be a problem for conservatives. The point remains, though, that in the eyes of their abusers there really doesn’t appear to be much more consideration, nor less resentment, of sex workers who charge men for money, and “ordinary” sex-partners who don’t.

Point #3: How exactly is it the case that notifying a sex worker’s employer (who, fortunately in this case, was also her daylight-business partner) “protecting” her? The common reaction for employers (all too common!) is to find cause to fire the sex worker, with the result that her odds of leaving sex work go down. And her odds of having to return to sex work go up.

Point #4: None of this implies that all sex workers are hearty, happy self-determined entrepreneurs. Many are not. Many, in fact, not only don’t enjoy their work but are trapped either by circumstance, conscription, or outright coercion! It’s not exactly clear to me, however, how making their work or even their customers illegal improves anyone’s odds of getting out or moving on. Based on conversations with individuals who’ve made poor choices in the past, it’s not clear to me at all how an arrest record, let alone a conviction record, let alone a jail record, let alone public record of one’s activities, makes any form of employment other than either marginal/minimum-wage or criminal ones possible.

Point #5: If society and/or the police really were interested in protecting sex workers they’re fucking protect sex workers instead of, well, policing them. Instead of arresting them they’d let sex workers put their numbers in speed dial. Instead of arresting them they’d establish clear relationships with sex workers and sex-worker alliances to instead police of the very-large number of people who currently get away with raping, robbing, roughing up, and murdering sex workers (and, cough, non-sex workers.)

Point #6: As I said above, you don’t have to like prostitution to see the arguably-intractable problems with current policies regarding its legality.


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Jessi Fischer on Feminism, Condoms, and Choice

Jessi Fischer of The Sexademic, who’s just received her masters degree in sexuality from San Francisco State University says

This blog has seen its fair share of feminist bashers, quoting Valerie Solanas and Andrea Dworkin as if they represent a synthesized doctrine of Feminism. But those fools have it all wrong. In all the gender studies and women’s studies courses I took I never once read those women.

You want classic feminist theorists? Try Mary Wollenstonecraft. Try Virginia Woolf. Try Charlotte Perkins Gilman. Try Sojourner Truth. Try Simone de Beauvoir. Fuck, how about John Stuart Mill, Frederick Douglass or Henrick Ibsen? How about our modern feminists like Betty Friedan, Gloria Steinem or Susan Faludi?

Feminism is not about man-bashing, porn-censure or making sure every woman works outside the home.

Feminism is about choice.

And because we are individuals with vastly differing opinions, feminist theorists contradict each other and argue with each other. There is no unifying feminist doctrine except choice.

She said it here.

That sounds about right. There are a lot of ideas about what feminism is all about. And even more ideas about how best to express feminism. And yeah, some of them can be as bitterly and sometimes even violently in conflict as any other broad social and political philosophies as broad as Christology to as (seemingly) obscure as taxonomy.

The other major element in her post is a pean to condoms, which she introduces with…

I know what you’re thinking. Condoms? Yes. My contraceptive method of choice allowed me to take control of reproduction and, consequently, my life.

I try to imagine worlds where sex with a man often leads to pregnancy. Or worlds without protection against STIs. The freedom to learn and develop my mind could be hindered by childrearing or health complications.

If you had a very narrow or, particularly, a very conservative notion of feminism (where “conservative” refers both to the right-wing conservatism of, say, Nikki Haley or the separatist conservatism of Mary Daly) you’d might raise an eyebrow, at least, at the idea of sex with men, let alone sex with men using the iconically “male” condom as contraception. Eh. Maybe so. Some schools of feminism really do balk at the idea of contraception (Haley) or men (Daly) let alone using contraception while having sex with men. But just as it would be a mistake to confuse their thin-ice edges with the more-literally-central ideas it would be an even bigger one to pick either one of those arguably doctrinally choice-limiting extreme cases and decide it represented the whole.


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People Who Say "I'm Not a Feminist But..." Almost Always Actually Are

Although they’re from a couple of months ago these are probably the best paragraphs I read that week. They’re from Megan Carpentier of Jezebel on how she stopped calling herself a feminist and how she started again. I think it gets to the heart of why so, so many people (mostly but not always women) say “I’m not a feminist but…”

The professor was, apparently, a pro-life and pro-choice feminist, who believed that abortion was a moral wrong outweighed only by the moral wrong of sexism. And, once sexism had been conquered, the world would be perfect and abortion would no longer be necessary.

I thought she was cracked, but I was 19 and didn’t realize that “feminism” meant many different things to many different people, or that there was more than one way to be a feminist. Having been raised in a religious environment in which we were taught that there was one gospel, one Church and one way of looking at a set of issues, it didn’t occur to me that a political and social movement would or could be more multifaceted. I figured if she was a feminist, and feminists believed that about abortion, then I was obviously not a feminist.

But the March for Women’s Lives made me realize, very concretely, that there was more to it than what I’d been told: more people, more ideas, more ways of looking at the issues, more ideas of what was or was not a feminist issue. And I came back to the idea of calling myself a feminist, and what that meant, and the kinds of ideas, attitudes, disagreements and fights that the movement could both be and embrace.

Read the quote in context here.

I think this is a great example of the “I Can’t Be A Feminist Because Feminists Believe X” trope precisely because it is so rare to find dyed-in-the-wool feminists who also believe abortion should (at least eventually) be illegal. It sure beats the more common misconceptions that one somehow can’t be a feminist if, for instance, one wears lipstick or shaves one’s armpits or otherwise misses some item on an imagined mile-long checklist of requirements.

Since I still hear someone say they’re not a feminist because of this or that at least a couple of times a year I’d like to propose a good checklist item of my own: If you’ve ever felt compelled to say “I’m not a feminist but,” chances are very, very good that you actually are.


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On Dismissing "Vanilla" Sex As Common But Not "Salty" Sex... Even Though Salt Is Common Too

In comments to my post Ok, Time to Stop Treating Healthy Vanilla Relationships as if We Already Know Everything That Needs to be Known About Them ImogenQuest said

Even the label “vanilla” is interesting in that respect. I noticed the other day that, as I’ve gotten older, the taste of vanilla is no longer bland/neutral/sweet. It tastes that way to kids, and artificial vanilla is like that, but real vanilla is dark, smoky and spicy as well as sweet. Make of that what you will.

I say oh heck yeah!

Like a lot of other heavily-oxidized aromatic natural ingredients vanilla’s awesomely complex. And, at least until they synthesized vanillin and started putting it into everything on the planet, it was considered exotic, erotic, and mysterious. But they put it in everything not because it’s cheap but because it’s delicious! Or check this out — you know what ingredient is even more basic, universal, and “generic” than vanilla? Salt, right? And yet nobody scorns someone else for being sexually “salty.”


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Secretary of State Hillary Clinton Puts a Spotlight on Trafficking in the U.S.

Katy of Jezebel passes along some news from UPI (and elsewhere) that now she’s in charge of the State Department Secretary of State Hillary Clinton is following up on her interest in human trafficking that goes back to her alliance with the late Senator Paul Wellstone in the 1990s.

There’s a first time for everything: the US State Department’s annual report on human trafficking has included a rating for the United States. “We believe it is important to keep the spotlight on ourselves,” explained Hillary Clinton.

She said it here.

Incidentally, what’s significant about trafficking isn’t how open-eyed victims are going into their situation. Nor is it how bad things were, or even how much worse they were before they left their homes. It’s whether and how easily they can get out of their situation. And from slaves and convicts transported to America in the 18th Century to the “owe my soul to the company store” miners and loggers of the 19th Century to the sharecroppers and “adopted” orphans of the 20th to sex workers, agricultural workers, domestic servants, and industrial laborers today the U.S. has had an ongoing history of pretending trafficking is somebody else’s problem.

Good for Sec. Clinton.

Oh yeah, and fuck all the assholes who claim it only counts if you’re trafficked for (commercial) sex. It certainly does count, of course, it’s just not the whole story. And never has been.


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Audio Version of "Define Your Terms Before Debating," From Presentation

On the offhand chance you’d like to hear just how often I can say “um” in a single sentence, Maymay of KinkForAll.org has posted an audio version of my first public presentation in several years (and only about my third public presentation ever!)

Here’s a link to the audio version.

And here’s a link to the possibly less-caffeinated post I wrote in conjunction with it: Define Your Terms Before Debating: The Social Construction of Porn and Erotica

Also, now’s as good a time to add something I didn’t say either in the presentation or its accompanying post. To determine or even adopt one’s opponents terms in a debate is not the same thing, at all, as unilaterally compromising with one’s opponent. Nor does it have to be a giant ordeal — for instance you could just say “Before we go any further when I say ‘porn’ I mean all materials with erotic or sexual content of any kind. What do you mean when you say ‘porn?’”


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