bogus science

Late Halloween? Nope. Pfizer Researchers Looking For "Viagra for Women" Use...

Fri, 2011-11-18 17:20

Emily Nagoski says

In looking up something unrelated, I stumbled into this 2010 British Journal of Pharmacology article (pdf). You don’t have to read it, I’ll tell you why it’s bullshit.

It’s the first sentence in the abstract, that’s why. It reads:

Female sexual arousal consists of a number of physiological responses resulting from increased genital blood.

Aaaaaaaand, that’s why the pharmaceutical industry is stupid.

Source: sex nerd

I was just going to do a nice post related to Lidia Anain's lovely post about enjoying the personal benefit of busting the myth that men don't need foreplay. Which is just awesomely true...

In fact I'm going to cheat for a second and post a quote, even though that's really not what my post is going to be about. Here's Anain:

During that session of lovemaking, I realized how much he needed, wanted and loved foreplay! *It* wasn’t that great always between us when we got into bed but *it* was great on this day. A few minutes of foreplay had gotten him very excited and so in control that he was able to hold back just until he knew that I was coming and he let go!

After we both had amazing orgasms, I had an epiphany – the sex that followed me giving him foreplay had ALWAYS been better than when he didn’t get it.

Read the whole thing at Lydia Anain: sex, love & joy uncensored. Hat tip ErosBlog.

Sigh. Her whole post is great but what totally derailed my posting intention.

You know that sentence Emily Nagoski quoted? The one that's all you really need to know they're stupid?

Check out the next sentence from the abstract of that study! How did they decide sexual arousal is just a matter of physiological responses? And not maybe some combination of emotion, mood, SSA overcoming SSI, and physiological response?

They figured it out by...

Shooting dying rabbits with lasers!

Really.

Check it out.

“Vaginal and clitoral blood flow (VBF and CBF) were monitored using laser Doppler in terminally anaesthetized New Zealand rabbits. Increases in VBF and CBF were induced by either electrical stimulation of the pelvic nerve or by i.v. infusion of VIP.”

Source: British Journal of Paid Advertising Pharmacology (pdf)

I would so not want my friends to date any of those researchers!

The No-Sex Class and (Yet) Another Womens Sexual-Response Study

Sun, 2011-08-07 15:53

The editors at Big Think say something we all know, endlessly, over and over, because... well, first here's the story, arbitrarily truncated because the rest really doesn't matter

What's the Latest Development? The locations of the vagina, cervix and female nipples that correspond to the brain's cortex have been mapped for the first time. The study confirms that there is a difference between stimulating the vagina and the clitoris and that there is a direct neurological link ...

Source: Big Think

Yeah! Whee! Lady parts! We all just love sticking probes in women's ladybusinesses.  "For science" of course.

Extra credit for tossing in the nipple stimulation!

(I'm unable to confirm whether they're now hoping to get additional funding to measure the cortical reaction to researchers shaking their faces between the subject's breasts and going wooba-wooba-wooba-wooba.)

You know why this irritates me beyond all fucking belief?

Because, hello, when was the last time anybody did a study of fucking male orgasms? When was the last time anybody did a cortical assay of men's secondary erogenous zones?

Because, great bactrian camel humps!  Isn't anybody curious about male sexual response beyond "Oh men?  They just stick it in a hole and wiggle, case closed.  Now back to the "mysteries" of the pussy?"

You wanna know something gang?  We know roughly 130 times more about women's orgasms, women's sexual response, women's arousal patterns, women's SES/SIS interactions in the Dual Control Model of Sexual Response model, the maps of women's erogenous zones, women's g-spots, p-spots, a-spots, plus vaginal depth, width, lubrication, relative humidity, and fucking barometric pressure than we do about men.

Because for some crying-out-loud reason (coughRule #1cough, cough women as the "no-sex" classcough) we have to study women's responses over, and over, and over, and over because the very idea of women's sexual responsiveness is inconceivable! Intolerable!

Oh, that plus women are things and we study the crap out of things.  Men, though, even if anybody gave a crap about dime-a-dozen, here's-some-cold-cream-not-go-in-the-other-room-and-take-care-of-that-son men's cortical locations, are human beings.  And consequently studying us men would require, I dunno, human subject research determinations or something.  So nobody bothers.

So.  Anyway.  Two really, really big objections here.

1) It's not that women's sexual response isn't mysterious, it's that men's are no less mysterious.

2) It's not that men's sexual response is mysterious, it's that women's sexuality isn't either.

Men and women aren't identical.  But we're not so different that the unbelievable imbalance in research is warranted.

Update: One possibility that doesn't change my social critique at all: it's actually possible that men's sexual response, erogenous zones, etc., are academically as thoroughly researched as women's... but it's just never reported on blogs or in the press.

If I Believed in a Wrathful God I'd Be Wondering What Missouri, Kansas, Minnesota, etc. Really Had in Common

Tue, 2011-05-24 12:53

Dayton, OH, reporter Jamie Jarosik says

On Sunday, there was another devastating tornado outbreak. Parts of Oklahoma, Missouri, Iowa, Minnesota and Wisconsin had reported touchdowns:

Source: WDTN Channel 2

Image via WDTN.com Cached as a bandwidth-conserving courtesy
Image via WDTN.com.

I gotta say I'm not a very big fan of the tendency right-wing religious conservatives have of casting every natural and manmade disaster as punishment from God for insufficient adhering to their particular political interests.

But!

If I were so inclined, or if I was inclined to ponder such disasters as indications of the wrath of God, then I'd be asking myself what the states of Missouri, and Iowa, and Alabama, and Minnesota, and Kansas, and and Tennessee, and Georgia, and Texas have been up to, since all have recently been hammered with tornados much larger and more destructive than usual. They might want to reconsider whether, under the circumstances, God really does approve of the spate of recent hate- and oppression-filled legislative campaigns against the poor, against the brown, against gays, lesbians, bisexuals and trans people, and of course against women.

I don't think God actually works that way*, but those people generally do. And if you did believe it, and if you added up the ways they've a) been doing a great deal of evil and b) getting walloped, then you might have a tough time justifying not repenting

* Although I do believe global warming works that way. And while the current spate of very bad weather is more a byproduct of La Nina (note, link from 1999 deliberately chosen) over the long run as the planet warms North American temperate-zone weather is going to tend to become more extreme. And but states in tornado alley haven't actually been any more egregious about climate denialism than, say, intermountain-west states which probably won't be adversely affected by the "wrath" global warming and might even come out slightly ahead.

Why London School of Economics Should Consider Dismissing Satoshi Kanazawa

Mon, 2011-05-23 14:03

Note: Satoshi Kanazawa used the generic catchphrase "black" in the post I'm about to discuss.  Since it's not clear from his context whether his racism was directed at people of African, or African-American origin, or even just anyone with skin he determines to be darkly pigmented, in this particular I'm just going to use his terminology and say "black."

Usually when anybody types the words "Satoshi Kanazawa" my eyes start to glaze over. For obvious reasons. When I see him he's cited approvingly my blood also boils, but that's been happening less and less, so mostly when I see him referenced I just move on.

But last he became so extreme that even Psychology Today (the Cosmopolitan Magazine of science journalism) woke up enough to yank one of his posts. (After altering the title from Kanazawa's original "Why Black Women Are Less Physically Attractive Than Other Women" to "Why Black Women Are Rated Less Physically Attractive Than Other Women" because that made it better.)

And now it sounds like (finally!) his employers at the London School of Economics might have been moved to action -- if not for his overt racism, sexism, and homophobia then at least for his really capricious methodology.

So anyway, there having been such an awesome uproar this time I had to take a look. And... yeah, he's pretty special that guy.

You sort of have to admire his serenely confident but argumentatively gratuitous shot that while “black women are on average much heavier than non-black women” that’s not why black women are uglier. Oh no, he's scientifically controlled for that so they're still just ugly even when you take into account that they're fat.

Next he blithly asserts that blacks on average are stupider (have lower intelligence) than all non-blacks… but that’s not why, quoth he, black women are uglier. Oh no, because, see, even though black men are just as stupid as black women they’re still significantly more attractive than non-black men. (Or, one supposes from his amended version, black men are rated more attractive. Which I guess is supposed to be less racist.)

But wait! Maybe they’re not gratuitous structural arguments: he may have brought them up by way of eliminating the factors most favored by his superficial racist stereotypes to get to his more fundamental ones: “well, you’d think black women were uglier because blacks are fatter and stupider but no, even filtering out their fatness and stupidity black women are still ugly.

Oh, and then there's this lovely bit!

[B]ecause they have existed much longer in human evolutionary history, Africans have more mutations in their genomes than other races. And the mutation loads significantly decrease physical attractiveness (because physical attractiveness is a measure of genetic and developmental health). But since both black women and black men have higher mutation loads, it cannot explain why only black women are less physically attractive, while black men are, if anything, more attractive.

He says that black male attractiveness eliminates as a reason the “fact” that since blacks “have existed much longer in human evolutionary history, blacks have more mutations in their genomes than other races.” And, you see, purer races prefer lower “mutation loads.” But once again, despite those preferences (and, don’t forget, men’s seed-spreading willingness to screw anything that moves… er… to make lower genetic “investments”) and all those icky mutations make black men “if anything, more attractive.”

(Speaking of “objectivity,” one can imagine that were Kanazawa of black heritage he'd instead have have concluded not that rather than having more “mutations” blacks have robust genetic diversity, which instead would be superior to those icky “inbred” races with their “evolved” aversion to replenishing their degenerate gene pools. He could even use same "objective" statistics to back back up that claim! But I digress.)

(Also speaking of “objectivity,” one can imagine that black people have more “mutations” because, as you say Rob, “black” is only a race in the sense that “black” people have darker skin, with the result that while “black” people descended from populations recently indigenous to north Africa, south Africa, central, east, and west Frica, south Asia, the Pacific Islands, Australia, parts of India, and so on are, yeah, a $@^%@ of a lot “older” and racially “mutated” since some of them are likely more genetically similar to what ever relatively genetic monoculture Mr. Kanazawa calls homeland than they are to each other. But I digress again...)

But nope, nope. Instead he says he's factored that out too: “mutations” don’t make black women uglier either. In fact, says he,

The only thing I can think of that might potentially explain the lower average level of physical attractiveness among black women is testosterone. Africans on average have higher levels of testosterone than other races, and testosterone, being an androgen (male hormone), affects the physical attractiveness of men and women differently.

Yup, that’s probably the only other thing that could possibly explain the difference. (If he'd said they had less oxytocin we could all go home.)

It’s also the point at which he stops being a racist asshole using raw statistics and becomes a… free-wheeling racist homophobe "evolutionary psychologist" of the sort that gives evolutionary psychology a really bad name.*

See testosterone, Kanazawa believes, makes everybody look more manly. And black women have more testosterone. Which makes them look more manly. And it's looking manly that makes them ugly.

And so by inference that makes anyone who’s attracted to black women Teh Gay Takei. And, as we all know, Teh Takei is an evolutionary dead end. So all right-minded, offspring-maximizing men recognize that black women are ugly: QED.

And does he present any graphs or charts to back up these assertions? No. Does he bring up any counterarguments? Not at all. Does he cite any prior research? Nope. Does he cite anyone else's research? Not that either.  And does he bring up any other possible reasons why black women might be singled out as less attractive?  Not a bit.  Did he even stop check his arithmetic to make sure that, you know, the data he was using says what he wanted it to?  Evidently not(!)

Nope, nearly all the preceding crap is just Kanazawa being an unencumbered racist doing what racists are really good at doing -- selectively using the tools of a still-emerging field of science to advance his foregone conclusions. He happens to use evolutionary psychology much the way early 20th-Century racists and classists used Darwin to advance "social Darwinism," the way Dick Army, Paul Ryan, and Brian Caplan use economics to advance their defense of the status quo, the same way Dinesh D'Souza and Charles Murray use statistics to defend segregation, and just the same way Donna M. Hughes uses feminism as sheeps clothing for her neoconservatism.

With any luck, though, this time next year Kanazawa will be publishing from The Spearhead or National Vanguard and working lecturing at Bob Jones University or Liberty University. Which, his nominal Darwinism notwithstanding, should welcome him with open arms.

* I.e. he starts pulling shit out of his ass and saying "it must be evolved because it gives me such a woodie" and leaving it at that. Evolutionary psychology itself isn't objectionable in principle -- it would be hard to argue that nothing about human behavior has been influenced by natural selection. And most practitioners are actually fairly moderate people and many of them are outright Unitarian, Birkenstock-wearing, old-school liberals. And as far as I know none of them actually like, let alone admire Satoshi Kanazawa. But! Up till now he's been the closest thing to a Carl Sagan EP has had. And... yeah... how's that been working?

If Oxytocin is the "Love" Hormone, and Only Women Have Oxytocin, Why Do Men So Often Get Sticky After Even One-Night Stands?

Fri, 2011-03-25 18:06

Photo by Flickr user kevkerkev. Cached as a bandwidth-conserving courtesy
Photo by Flickr user kevkerkev. Used under a Creative Commons license.

In the course of farking the latest edition of the perennial "Why You're Not Married" schtick, Holly takes issue with this little tidbit from Tracey McMillan,

[Y]ou can be f**k-buddying with some dude who isn't even all that great and the next thing you know, you're totally strung out on him. And you have no idea how it happened. Oxytocin, that's how it happened. And since nature can't discriminate between marriage material and Charlie Sheen, you're going to have to start being way more selective than you are right now.

Source: The Wall St. Journal no wait, Dr. Phil Huffington Post

Holly replies

[Y]ou know what really gets me about this sort of thing? If it were true, you wouldn't have to be told about it. Falling in love after sex would be like getting thirsty on a hot day -- blatant and predictable. "Welp, now I'm in love with you" would be as everyday as "welp, now I want a nap." When someone tells you something about your own nature and it comes as a surprise, skepticism is in order.

I dunno if "nature" can distinguish between marriage material and Charlie Sheen, but I can. But wait... I'm made of nature!

Source: The Pervocracy

First of all, like men never get "strung out" on our partners, even very short-term partners...

...hey

...wait a minute!

I'm sure I was going to say something all intelligent and quirky and thoughtful-like but I've just been distracted by numerous recollections of first, second, and third-hand reality.

Quick survey time for any reader who's ever had a (biologically and/or self-identified-as) male partner:

Is it true, as McMillan implies, that only women form uncontrollably, dare I say uncomfortably deep attachments to short-term and even one-night-stand partners?  Can it be that this never happens to men?  Answer in comments, below.

And now quick survey time for any reader who's ever been a biologically and/or self-identified-as male:

Is it true, as McMillian implies that you've never become deeply, dare I say even goopily attached to a short term or even one-night-stand partner?  Can it be this has never happened to you or another man you know?  You can answer in comments as well but speaking for myself the answer is no, I've fallen embarrassingly hard for women I'd barely met.

Because, as the whole point of the oxytocin narrative is that women have it by the gallon and men only by the milliliter.  And without oxytocin, why, you can barely form an attachment to your catcher's mitt let alone a full-sized, interesting-in-her-or-his-own-right human being.

And yet...

It seems to me...

That there's an awful lot of hurtin' cowboys out there.  At least as many as there've been hurtin' cowgirls.  And I'm pretty sure there always have been, and I'm guessing there always will.

Gee, if you can get the same thing when you've got lots of oxytocin and next to none then... maybe the oxytocin theory is a contrived piece of batshit cooked up by conservative, gender-essentialist fundamentalist cranks to explain why women shouldn't have sex except for reproduction.

The Two Rules of Desire and "Girls Suck at Math"

Tue, 2011-03-08 10:10

Via Geek Feminism and Restructure!, it turns out there might be something else going on besides "girls suck at math" that keeps more women out of, well, math.

Skeptics might wonder if some of the [gender] differences [in engagement] among students relate to how well the students know the material. The researchers checked for that and found that, across sections, women outperformed men on grades. So the data point to women losing confidence with male instructors — even if female students know the material as well as or better than their male counterparts.

Link: Inoculation Against Stereotype (Inside Higher Ed)

Source: Geek Feminism Blog

Yes, the plural of lots of anecdotes still isn't data, but my observation in engineering, tech, math, and hard sciences -- in academia and even more so in industry -- has been that the biggest obstacle for women trying to get and do their work hasn't been their ability to do the actual work.

Incidentally, Penelope Trunk, who hasn't gotten the memo, still thinks it's all about brain differences.

One fundamental difference between the male and female brain is gray matter. And University of California at Irvine released solid data to explain why men are good at math.

“Evolution has created two different types of brains designed for equally intelligent behavior,” said Richard Haier, professor of psychology who led the study.

“In general, men have approximately 6.5 times the amount of gray matter related to general intelligence than women, and women have nearly 10 times the amount of white matter related to intelligence than men. Gray matter represents information processing centers in the brain, and white matter represents the networking of—or connections between—these processing centers.”

Source: Brazen Careerist

Not to sound all "don't have enough white matter to do interprocessing" or anything but gray matter is what we do math with, and if there are such vast differences between men's and women's white and gray matter then how is it possible that the average woman is capable of math as the average man?

Since that doesn't make any sense it must mean either that most men totally waste 5.5x of their 6.5x advantage over women in math-a-licious gray matter or... maybe something else is going on.

Based on the graceless quality and tone of the "congratulations" a friend of mine just got from her department head after receiving the highest NSF score anyone in her hard-sciences department has gotten in years I think it might be "something else."

The something else, incidentally, might be the worthiness trap conviction men have (doesn't matter if it's socialized or "genetic") that if they don't do better than women (let alone other men) then they'll never get sex.

You can't discount the effectiveness of that conviction, incidentally, or the grown-man-panic drive it can generate when a man's afraid he's going to be shown up by a woman.  Thank Rule #2 of the bogus  Two Rules of Desire for this -- if we're convinced women can't find us handsome and we're afraid they won't find us handy we imagine we're screwed... or more precisely not screwed!

Meanwhile women's worries about never getting sex run along pretty different lines (again whether it's socialized or genetic is kind of irrelevant.)

No one's asked me so far, but if someone did I'd say the difference in "...or I'll never get sex" accounts for far more of the differences in outcomes Trunk and others see in science, in sales, and in startups than gray matter ratios or "girls suck at math."

Early Sex Blogger Bacchus Explains Why He Doesn't Do More Science-of-Sex Blogging

Sun, 2011-03-06 14:46

Bacchus says (emphasis mine)

Way back in 2002 when I started this sex blog, I imagined that many of my posts might point to online news stories about sex. There weren’t so many sex blogs back then, and online writing about sex from “mainstream” journalists was still rare enough to be notable.

What I quickly discovered, though, was that these stories were generally crap, especially when they pretended, badly, to be based on “the latest research”. Scientists usually don’t do sex well, and reporters usually don’t do science well, so a reporter’s view of sex research usually turns out to be hideous insulting nonsense and tripe. (Exceptions do happen. But man, you gotta dig for ‘em.)

Source: ErosBlog

I think that's about right.

My personal ax to grind would be the egregious fees charged by "science journals" (actually a handful of closely held private republishers) to read usually-taxpayer-funded research results.  Reporters rarely have the $30-$50 per article to read anything more than the (usually hopelessly vague) abstract.  Which gives them even more opportunity to Rorschach and Rashomon the results to suit their own (and their editor's and their reader's) agendas, hangups, and predilections, not to mention their social expectations of what the "right" interpretation ought to be.  With sex even more than other matters.

Very frustrating.

Bacchus says see also How To Spot an Internet Sex Research Hoax by Jessi Fischer and Men: New Guest Contrib Thomas Roche Warns of Web Porn Induced Impotence at Tiny Nibbles. Good call.

Should You Seek Sex-Addiction Intervention if You Have Seven Orgasms a Week? (Hint: No.)

Fri, 2011-03-04 17:01

According to Annie Scudder, one of the items in a current Time magazine roundup of "things you didn't know about sex addiction" would be...

An orgasm a day is considered troublesome: The article explains, "seven orgasms a week (either alone or with someone) is still considered by many experts to be a threshold for possible disorder."

Source: Très Sugar

While this is a very big improvement on the Victorian belief that men could develop terminal and/or mental illness with "as many as" ten ejaculations a year, it's still a pretty ridiculous threshhold. 

I'm not saying, at all, that all people should have libidios.  Roughly 1% of adult men and women are straight-up asexual so no doubt 1% of sex "rehab" counselors are asexual as well.  (Same with Time Magazine reporters, editors, and fact checkers, who seemed a little more skeptical of the claim.)  Substantial numbers of other men and women have modest libidos, and numerous others either neglect or avoid erotic interest, and the libidos of others may be episodic or circumstantial where said circumstances are not common.  So, again, I don't expect all of them to have average to above average libidos.

But do none of them?

Actually, if I may be fair for just a moment, the very fact that people's libidos vary enormously both from each other and even within individuals over time suggests that "seven orgasms a week" might be a sign of "addiction" in an individual who's natural libido cycle would ordinarily be substantially lower.  In other words as with other silly-sounding but perfectly legitimate psychiatric disorders, a guideline of once per day can be an indication, but not an automatic diagnosis. If someone's libido interferes with their normal daily functions either directly or through obsession or anxiety about it then treatment might be beneficial.  Or, as the American Psychiatric Association's proposal puts it you might have a disorder if "you have an illness if you spend so much time pursuing intercourse or masturbation as to interfere with your job or other important activities."

But so much for being fair.  First because once a day doesn't seem like a very reasonable threshold. Second because I'm as suspicious of those who profit from "curing" sex addiction as I would be of, say, vibrator vendors who claimed one should have at least one orgasm a day.

Bottom line: the proposed APA definition based on effectiveness encroachment is waaaay more reasonable than a blunt count.

(via Em & Lo)

Since a (Formula) Bottle That is Half Full is Equally Half Empty, the 100-Year-Old Debate Is Necessarily Ideological

Thu, 2011-03-03 17:29

Jessica of The Imperfect Parent says of the interminable breast/bottle battle

People, get a grip. The bullying that takes place, especially cyberbullying, over how a mother chooses to feed her baby, is nothing short of bullshit. There is nothing wrong with a mother choosing to formula feed.

On the flip side, nobody should give a flying squirrels butt if a mother loves to breastfeed but it's not something that other mothers should be forced to admire either.

Source: The Imperfect Parent

For the record my siblings and I were nursed right through the very pinnacle of formula feeding and the uttermost ebb of breast feeding.  My grandfather and early La Leche League proponent became an activist in direct response to the health differences he noticed between "scientific diet" fed city infants and breast fed infants of poor, often illiterate "hillbillies" in his mixed urban/rural western North Carolina practice.

But even he didn't panic over the differences.  He wrote a book strongly advocating breast feeding, but he also published a number of papers on normal, healthy children's awesomely omnivorous resilience to the extraordinary number of things people through out the ages, throughout different cultures, and even throughout different neighborhoods give them.

The key word there being healthy children.  Until relatively recently the debate over what was then known as "scientific diet," a debate that largely fueled the turn away from breast milk to formula* was fueled by physicians... who, he observed, dealt primarily with unhealthy infants.  Unhealthy infants require special treatment and special diets because they're unhealthy, not because they're infants.  My grandfather said this was an amazingly difficult concept to communicate.

If he were alive today (he'd be in his 130s) he'd almost certainly opine that it's the very resilience of normal children that's kept the bottle/breast controversy rage for nearly a century.

My main point, though, is that because domestic child nutrition has traditionally been the domain of women, and because the debate is literally unwinnable (at least at a granularity of centuries) the controversy provides an enormous, and enormously popular opportunity for further variations of slut-shaming and policing.

* the word formula itself hints at its origins in the "scientific diet" movement. --fl

And No, Using Questionable Science to Justify Questionable Body Modifications of Your Children Does Not Make it a Better Idea

Fri, 2011-01-28 15:00

Speaking of how it's a bad idea for parents to impose their body-modification ideas on their children, the anonymous but seemingly-credentialed author of The Neurocritic says

In 5 years of writing this blog, I have come across a multitude of news stories and press releases that make outrageous claims. Here's another one to add to the list. On the basis of two highly variable DTI studies in 36 pre-operative, pre-hormone treatment transgender individuals, now we're supposed to screen children for gender variant behavior and scan them at a young age, so their hormones can be altered before puberty?

Source: The Neurocritic

Yeah, if it's a good idea to wait for children to be old enough to make their own decisions before piercing their ears, circumcising them, or forcing them to wax or use cosmetics, let's definitely add deciding which sex hormones to pump them full of.

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