cultural assumptions

Corrollary: Conservatives Who Don't Know the History of Marriage Have Very Bad Ideas About... Well... the History of Marriage

Since I'm still feeling really horrible I'm more likely to just repost other people's work.  Case in point: Matthew Yglesias catches another right-winger using anti-feminism to... what else... bash men.  I've just nicked the whole thing.

Kay Hymowitz in the Wall Street Journal:

Not so long ago, the average American man in his 20s had achieved most of the milestones of adulthood: a high-school diploma, financial independence, marriage and children. Today, most men in their 20s hang out in a novel sort of limbo, a hybrid state of semi-hormonal adolescence and responsible self-reliance. This “pre-adulthood” has much to recommend it, especially for the college-educated. But it’s time to state what has become obvious to legions of frustrated young women: It doesn’t bring out the best in men.

Since I’m still in my twenties for a few more months, I thought I’d actually look up themedian age at first marriage for American males. The most recent year the data is reported for is 2007, when it was 27.7 which is indeed a few years older than it was “not so long ago” in 1960 when it was 22.8 years. But in 1920, it was 24.6 years. In 1890, it was 26.1, presumably because everyone was too busy watching Judd Apatow movies. Or maybe this number just bounces around over time and it’s always been the case that some people are sometimes frustrated with some members of the opposite sex.

Source: Center for American Progress

I'm not about to go get any references but I'm almost positive that were I to do so I'd quickly be able to document that from roughly the Elizabethan era through most of the Industrial Revolution age of first marriage for what we'd think of as "middle class" men was from their late 20s to as late as mid 30s!  First marriages for women was often well into their 20s.

Another very peculiar artifact of the conservative fantasy that there was anything "traditional" at all about post WWII marriage, when age of (first) marriage dropped as low as the high teens.

The alternative for Hymowitz and her ilk would be to acknowledge that age of (first) marriage was so low in the 1950s and 1960s were due to a combination of red-hot productivity gains resulting from capital expenditures from the New Deal, WWII, and collateral commerce from the Marshall Plan, the G.I. Bill home loan programs and FDIC and savings-and-loan-equivalent mortgage-facilitating programs, strong unions, incredible demand for jobs requiring high skills but low education, high taxes balanced by low deficits, consumption-promoting programs such as Social Security, Rural Electrification (without which America's largely-rural population couldn't use new mass-produced refrigerators or washing machines), U.S. Highway and Interstate construction (which similarly made auto consumption more feasable,) G.I. Bill education grants that financed waves of new productivity and innovation, etc.  Before that (going back, again, to the Elizabethan era) both men and women typically had to work into the 20s to build their "nest eggs" to settle down with.

Far easier for Hymowitz to bash men and blame feminism for it than to acknowledge just how successful government intervention was in introducing the very transitory anomaly of 50's-style "traditional families."


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Where Actual Animal Nature Collides With Metaphors of Animal Nature

Comic from Three Panel Soul. Cached as a bandwidth-conserving courtesy
"On Wild Animals" comic from Three Panel Soul. Click for full-size version on the original site.

It's kind of awesome how we mix stuff up this way.  Grizzly bears spend about 80% of their lives eating grass and berries.  Gorillas are actually "hung" like human 4-year-olds.  Preying mantises are less likely to devour their mates when they're not kept artificially hungry.  Even "dominant" and "rogue" wolves are very reluctant to transgress social norms.

Goodness only knows what human metaphors animals would use.

Via tweet from frequent commenter nekobawt.


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One More Very Real Way Ancient, Established Patriarchal Attitudes Towards Women and Rape Hurt Men

Ampersand, raising a giant whopping WTF, says that under Federal crime-reporting standards men legally can't be raped.  Turns out that in the 1920s, when the reporting standards were generated, weren't exactly a bastion of progressive, feminist-influenced gender neutrality.

For [Uniform Crime] reporting purposes, can a male be raped?

No. The UCR Program defines forcible rape as “The carnal knowledge of a female forcibly and against her will” (p. 19). In addition, “By definition, sexual attacks on males are excluded from the rape category and must be classified as assaults or other sex offenses depending on the nature of the crime and the extent of injury”

Source: Alas, a blog

Lest Men's Rights Activists cry conspiracy about how it's all a femininisister plot to exclude male victims entirely, under more recent guidelines from the 1980s rape of men by women is legally recognized but...

[I]n the National Incident-Based Reporting System (NIBRS) ... at least one offender must be of a different sex than the victim for the event to be classified as a forcible rape. For example, a female can rape a male, or in the case of multiple offenders, a female and male can rape a male. However, a male cannot rape another male, or in the case of multiple offenders, two males cannot rape a male.

To complete the FBI's gender-bound definitions, men can rape women, women can rape men, but men can't rape other men and women can't rape women.

But let's stop for a moment and reflect on the pace of progress: in the 1920s the law in the U.S. was almost entirely based on already centuries-old English Common Law adopted wholesale during Colonial times.  That not only defined rape as something that could happen exclusively to women, it was also defined as a property crime.  Where the legal victim was considered to be the woman's father, husband, or other custodial male who's "property" was "damaged!"

Fast forward 50 years to the 1980s when the NIBRS was established.  Society vaguely recognized that in order "to be fair" language had to be less narrowly gender specific.  Thus the inclusion of the possibility that women can rape men.  But based on my own recollection of the culture of the day I'm pretty sure that was a mere formality.  In the early 1980s they were just getting around to registering gay people as statistically relevant.  They were just getting around to recognizing the idea that there was more kinds of rape than jumping out of the bushes.  They were just barely getting around to accepting the idea that husbands could rape their wives.  Heck, they'd only barely just stated noticing all the "drop the soap" jokes about prison rape!

Fast forward 30 more years and... well... there's still quite a way to go but at least...

Advocates question the rape statistics because, they note, the federal government is using a 1929 definition of the crime that excludes male victims, statutory rapes and those committed without force.

Using such an antiquated, narrow definition is a harmful disservice to countless victims, according to Carol Tracy, executive director of the Philadelphia-based Women’s Law Project. Specter agreed, saying the definition is not “inclusive like it should be.”

Men account for roughly 10 percent of victims in the United States, said Scott Berkowitz, head of the Rape, Abuse and Incest National Network.

The adoption of broader rape statistics is critical to the recovery process for male victims, added Dr. Richard Gartner, a spokesman for the group Male Survivor.

Interestingly, the FBI’s man in charge of the UCR is quoted saying he’s open to changing the definitions.

Compared to the 1189 A.D. English Common Law, or the 1920s UCR, or the 1980s NIBRS, and you can actually detect some progress.

And, at least compared to 1189 A.D. it seems to be accelerating!

If they're not able to acknowledge that anybody can be raped, just as much as anybody can be a rapist, though, they're still stuck in the middle ages.

Something else to agitate for (and be agitated about.)


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Holly Pervocracy: I'm not a serial monogamist! I'm a parallel monogamist!

The other day Holly, deconstructing relationship clichés with her usual aplomb, said

I'm not a serial monogamist! I'm a parallel monogamist!

Source: The Pervocracy

That's the way to look at relationships even if you're just "sleeping around" and not poly at all. For that matter it's the way to look at non-sexual relationships.

And here's the trick, and why I like Holly so much: we usually don't think of it that way but that's actually is how most people look at non-sexual relationships. Except we don't call that "parallel monogamy," we call it "having friends." So despite the refreshingly radical perspective her proposition isn't radical at all.


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Is MRA-Like Obesssion With Paternity a Product of Evolution or Economic Inheritance?

Photo by Flickr user adamhenning. Cached as a bandwidth-conserving courtesy
Photo by Flickr user adamhenning. Used under a Creative Commons license.

Razib Khan of Discover Blogs has a nice piece that suggests to my social-sciences eye that the “evolutionary” notion of paternity obsession in human men isn’t as much about… well… property.

Evolutionary history of partible paternity in lowland South America. Basically these are cultures where there’s a high degree of expected paternity uncertainty and you simply distribute appropriate the probability of fatherhood explicitly. I found this section of interest: “Most importantly, why is partible paternity rare in the rest of the world and yet, so common in lowland South America? We suspect that the general lack of important heritable resources combined with a strong reliance on kinship and broad networks of social capital in the lowlands have prompted the bargaining and exchange of shared parentage.” From a male perspective then basically someone who is not your own biological child isn’t going to inherit much from you anyway, while in the short-term you might be able to gain social capital through the ties your wife forms with other men. This isn’t that shocking, Winston Churchill’s mother’s affairs supposedly aided in her husband’s and son’s political careers because of the contacts generated. Sex is social.

Source: Discover Blogs.

It’s difficult to call this a minor or isolated phenomenon. The population in question is not small: 128 cultures. Neither is the area small: it includes the entire Amazon basin plus (if I’m getting my geography right) the Orinoco and Lianos river basins as well. So call it no less than tens of millions of people in scores of cultures across a large fraction of an entire continent over a period of on the order of thousands of years. Furthermore while after more than 500 years of European influence is beginning to take it’s toll, the system arose and spread successfully amid more traditionally gendered (pre- and post-Columbian) cultures. So it was not only minor or isolated, it was also robust.

One element of social organization that might facilitate the less patriarchal parental relationship is the tendency (hard to talk about anything more than tendencies among a group of 128 linked but separate cultures) for women to stay home with their families and for their (primary) partners to come live with them for the duration of their relationships. It’s not “matriarchal” or even necessarily matrilineal but it doesn’t put title-holding men the center of the picture.

The overall cultures aren’t any more beds of roses, for women or men, than any other human cultures. They’re still gendered out the wazoo, they’re just prioritized differently. And while the cultures tend to be patriarchal in the sense that the interests of family and social groups tend to trump the interests of individual men and women in them they’re not the kind of patriarchal with the capital-P systems common among those biologists, social scientists, and MRAs most likely to produce models of biological reproduction based on their own culture’s legal, economic, and religious traditions of inheritance.


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Why Research How Older People Have Sex? Because Not All Sex Happens on College Campuses

Holly Moyseenko Kossover of My Sex Professor has some very welcome news. (Emphasis mine.)

A friend of mine recently pointed an interesting article in Newsweek about another benefit of aging. No, not discounted coffee at McDonald’s (I prefer the stuff that I make at home anyway) – but better sex!

Just when I think I’m living in a culture possibly a little too obsessed with youth, articles like this remind me that getting older definitely brings its own benefits. I’m all about aging gracefully (trying to stay healthy, washing my face every thing) but there are aspects of aging that seem to at least somewhat dance across the minds of even my most zen friends. However, articles that boast how sexy Helen Mirren looks are a nice reassurance (and damn, she is a gorgeous woman – at my age I’d be pleased to look how she does now).

The article points out that studying sexuality in older populations is still relatively new. Why is that? Did we just believe that after a certain age, there is no sex? Sure, the way someone engages in sex may change, but they can still be an extremely sexual individual and enjoy a healthy and fun sex life.

Source: Holly Moyseenko Kossover of My Sex Professor.

Considering how very thoroughly studied sex before, say, age 25 it’s important to understand how older people have sex not just because it’s somehow “fair” but because so much of what we assume to be just plain universal and true about all humans derives from ages when we’re just barely getting basic adulthood under our belts. As it were.

Those studies that have been done suggest, over and over, that a lot of assumptions about immutability — girl’s reticence, boy’s impetuousness for instance — not to mention assumptions about orientation “fluidity” or lack thereof seem to fade as early as the early thirties.

Anyway, it’s not just a case of “but older people have sex too.” That’s rather a foregone conclusion. We just don’t know enough about how everybody has sex to draw very well-informed conclusions about human behavior — sexual or otherwise! I mean, yeah, the light’s better under the street light of college campus-based academic researchers. But, metaphorically speaking anyway, there’s a heck of a lot more sex happening in the dark.


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Social Pressure Trap: Relationship Compatability Depends on Your Assumptions Not Everyone Elses

Laura Warrell of Tart and Soul says good men actually finish first.

Monica was this hot mama sex goddess I used to work with serving cocktails in college.  Slinky as a feline, she was nearly six feet tall with curves galore.  She had flawless skin, a magnificent, traffic-stopping face and a personality as colorful as the Bobbi Brown eye shadow she used to drop the cherry on the sundae of her magnetic appeal.  Monica was ravishing enough to date famous athletes, businessmen pulling down six figures and local actors on their way to becoming Hollywood B-listers.  If anyone would’ve ended up sipping daiquiris by the pool of some handsome millionaire’s mansion, it was Monica.

Recently, Monica popped up as a friend of a friend on Facebook, so I clicked on her page.  She was gorgeous as ever and though I wasn’t shocked to discover she hadn’t become some Tinseltown trophy wife, I was surprised to see photos of the man she married.  The guy was goofy looking, a squat little pudgeball.  And no Mr. Moneybags was he, as Monica’s other half apparently lived a quiet though comfortable life as the owner of a small electronics company.  But there was one huge difference about the look in her husband’s eye as he cast his gaze upon my old friend, as opposed to the more extraordinary men I’d once seen her with – this guy completely worshipped her.

Monica is one of a slew of foxy female friends who used to date bad boys, sexy studs and all around pricks until they finally settled down with a man who actually liked them.  Maybe these guys don’t look like movie stars or take their women on masochistic joy rides filled with broken promises and non-commitment.  But they do treat their gals with some semblance of respect.  Seems some good guys get the girl in the end.

Source: Laura Warrell of Tart and Soul.

I don’t have to be crazy about some of the cultural assumptions in the post to appreciate the main point. For instance it’s an assumption that a woman who’s beautiful enough could have defaulted to marrying her choice of rich assholes. And it’s another assumption that it’s ideal if a (pudgy?) husband worships his (beautiful?) wife.

But the example would have held for far more ordinarily-matched pairs because, well, it holds for most ordinary patched pairs who choose each other.

I emphasized choosing each other because one of the commenters mentions that she’s very happy with the partner she chose rather than the more handsome, wealthier, smarter and more stylish man her family would have preferred she’d picked.

My mother (ack! the mother) likes, prefers and would rather me pair up with Bachelor number one. She thinks we look good together. Our kids would be breathtaking. She can see him as her son-in-law. I would rather take a bath in acid. I adore Bachelor number two. He’s the one that raises eyebrows. I am already tired of the commentary…but I like him. A lot. I choo-choo-choose him… Much to everyone’s chagrin.

And I mention that because it raises a really, really important point about where cultural pressure makes a mystery out of what’s often otherwise perfectly rational personal behavior. It takes the general form “I wish I could have X so I think you should do Y to get it.” For instance the commenter’s mom wants an attractive son-in-law and resulting grandchildren. Nothing wrong with that, of course, but she wouldn’t be the one making the necessary sacrifices to get those things for her. It might be incomprehensible to the mom but it seems to be a very obvious choice to the daughter. Somewhat similarly a lot of people (mostly men?) think it would be really nice to partner (at least briefly) a fabulously beautiful women. And so they imagine that ought to be the most important criteria for someone else — enough so that if the someone else manages to connect with a beautiful woman he ought to continuously count his lucky stars, and show worshipful gratitude to boot.

What’s really tough, by the way, is when you absorb that message to the point you use them as your own selection criteria. “Well, he would worship the ground we walk on.” “Well all the other guys would be dying of envy.” “Well, we would have more attractive children.” “Well, it would make mom happy and dad proud.”

That doesn’t mean we shouldn’t seek or accept input from those around us. “Her previous partner filed a restraining order” and “You’re a recovering alcoholic and he’s a bartender” being only the most obvious examples.

But there’s a difference between the two kinds of input. One is sort of about universal scarcity or luck (“he/she can get backstage passes to all the shows!) and the other’s about personal assessment (“you seem unselfconsciously happy when you’re around each other.”)


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Woo-Hoo Language: That For Which Red-Hawt Israeli, Greek, Egyptian, Russian, Dutch, Malawi and Danger Island Girls Have No Word


Photo by Flickr user probek. Used under a Creative Commons license.

Scottish linguists prof Geoffrey K. Pullum of Language Log, seeking to plumb the nethermost depths of the “there is no word for [X] in [language Y]” fallacy, got the following tip about a The New Yorker blog post wherein it is written

Pukapuka, also known as Danger Island, was, in the nineteen-twenties, a sanctuary for nudism, a place where “sex is a game, and jealousy has no place.” There is no word for “virgin” in the language.

The text appears in the caption of slide #4.

In full confidence that any long-time Language Log reader will know better, Pullam wryly offers the following advice to credulous passers by. The snark winds tighter and tighter in the long first paragraph then catapults abruptly skyward in the second.

Male Language Log readers who dream of finding a place where there are ample supplies of hot babes who not not only do it but are unable to form the concept of not doing it — happily amoral victims of a lexical impoverishment that makes them powerless to avoid banging away like bunnies with every male Language Log reader who comes along — should clearly check out the island of Pukapuka — or alternatively Israel, Greece, Egypt, ancient Iraq (it might not be quite the same today), Russia, the Netherlands, or Malawi. Not California; there they have a word for “virgin”.

Lots of luck, guys. Remember, if they have no word for “virgin”, they can’t say no!

He said it here.

Did you know the English language has no word for “overconfidence in the extent of linguistic determinism?”


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Greta Christina on "Sex and the Off-Label Use of Our Bodies"

Via AlwaysArousedGirl Greta Christna, writing at Blowfish Blog has a lovely post titled “Sex and the Off-Label Use of Our Bodies.”

Human beings took our animal need for palatable food . . . and turned it into chocolate souffles with salted caramel cream. We took our ability to co-operate as a social species . . . and turned it into craft circles and bowling leagues and the Metropolitan Museum of Art. We took our capacity to make and use tools . . . and turned it into the Apollo moon landing. We took our uniquely precise ability to communicate through language . . . and turned it into King Lear.

None of these things are necessary for survival and reproduction. That is exactly what makes them so splendid. When we take our basic evolutionary wiring and transform it into something far beyond any prosaic matters of survival and reproduction . . . that’s when humanity is at its best. That’s when we show ourselves to be capable of creating meaning and joy, for ourselves and for one another. That’s when we’re most uniquely human.

And the same is true for sex. Human beings have a deep, hard-wired urge to replicate our DNA, instilled in us by millions of years of evolution. And we’ve turned it into an intense and delightful form of communication, intimacy, creativity, community, personal expression, transcendence, joy, pleasure, and love. Regardless of whether any DNA gets replicated in the process.

Why should we see this as sinful?

What makes this any different from chocolate souffles and King Lear?

She said it here.

That’s what I’m talking about!

Yes, technically once can say as Karl Marx did that humans create for the same reason silkworms spin silk, and technically you can say as Freud and his direct evolutionary-psychology descendants do that humans have sex only to procreate. All the more reason to call those guys REALLY BORING HUMAN BEINGS!


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Kathleen Parker Uses Women's Studies Rhetoric to Attempt to Un-Man, Unseat Barack Obama

Via all sorts of sources on the left, right-wing propagandist Kathleen Parker of the Washington Post correctly (correctly for a propagandist anyway) disregards reality and history in her possibly-successful attempt to frame President Obama as “feminine.”


Obama: Our first female president

If Bill Clinton was our first black president, as Toni Morrison once proclaimed, then Barack Obama may be our first woman president.

She said it here.

Parker’s pretty good at wielding feminist and gender-study language and theory

We’ve come a long way gender-wise. Not so long ago, women would be censured for speaking or writing in public. But cultural expectations are stickier and sludgier than oil. Our enlightened human selves may want to eliminate gender norms, but our lizard brains have a different agenda.

Women, inarguably, still are punished for failing to adhere to gender norms by acting “too masculine” or “not feminine enough.” In her fascinating study about “Hating Hillary,” Karlyn Kohrs Campbell details the ways our former first lady was chastised for the sin of talking like a lawyer and, by extension, “like a man.”

M’kay, nothing you wouldn’t hear in a 1st-year gender-studies paper, and also perfectly true. Not too surprising either since Karlyn Kors Campbell was a pioneering women’s-studies professor who focused on the rhetoric and reception of women speakers in American political history. She’s also the part-namesake of an academic prize in Rhetorical Criticism. So good call on Parker’s part!

Of course as with all good propaganda she uses two paragraphs to cite credible people and accurate statements in order to make you less-critically receptive to the first sentence in the sentence that follows. Which would be

Could it be that Obama is suffering from the inverse?

Well, nice try but no, Obama is almost archetypically male of a type well-understood, admired, and often feared by socially or hierarchically subordinate men. See “father, remote.” See also the myriad leaders among aviation engineers, software developers, biotech researchers, research university employees, merchant transoceanic shippers, bureaucrats and technocrats, career-military, and industrial-scale, export-oriented commodity-crop farmers for examples.

The reasonable-sounding way Parker sets up her assertion, though, you could almost agree that his distant-father routine might… somehow… um… be feminine. Incredible reframing if she could pull it off, yes. Maybe she’s bucking for an award in rhetoric herself.

You wanna know how much of a stretch this is, by the way? Karlyn Kors Campbell didn’t just study women’s political speech, she’s also written about male Presidential rhetoric. And possibly since Campbell is still alive, Parker acknowledges a… slight problem with her attempted spin

Campbell’s research, in which she affirms that men can assume feminine communication styles successfully (Ronald Reagan and Bill Clinton), suggests holes in my own theory. She insists that men are safe assuming female styles as long as they meet rhetorical norms for effective advocacy — clarity and cogency of argument, appropriate and compelling evidence, and preempting opposing positions.

Ooh, that’s gotta hurt your thesis! Barack Obama’s “feminine” just like… um… Ronald Reagan and Bill Clinton? Oh yeah, that’s going to get you an award, but only if you can make that one stick. In the next paragraph Parker wisely relies on the rhetoric of uncertainty to express confidence.

I’m not so sure. The masculine-coded context of the Oval Office poses special challenges, further exacerbated by a crisis that demands decisive action. It would appear that Obama tests Campbell’s argument that “nothing prevents” men from appropriating women’s style without negative consequences.

Yeah, masculine-coded contexts that evidently weren’t in place in those crisis-free, no-need-for-decisive-action years when Reagan was President (1980-1988) or when Clinton was (1992-2000) but magically are today. Oh, and speaking of crises that demand decisive action, how ‘bout My Pet Goat boy from 2001-2008?

My Pet Goat collage From my Flickr account

But suddenly Parker’s saying President Obama somehow will finally be the guy who finally gets hit with the consequences? Of being to “womanly” as opposed to, say, too male-professor/remote-father-figure aloof?

Give her credit for trying. And give her credit, as well, for her women’s studies bone fides… which, incidentally, I think really are bone fides!

Parker’s pretty clear throughout her piece that while she’s criticizing Obama for… well… obviously like a lot of her peers she’s just throwing shit on the wall and seeing what sticks… but while she’s critical of Obama’s “femininity” she doesn’t actually see anything wrong at all with “womanly” leadership styles or, indeed, women leaders!

Indeed, negative reaction to Obama’s speech suggests the opposite. Obama may prove to be our first male president who pays a political price for acting too much like a woman.

And, perhaps, next time will be a real woman’s turn.

She’s not talking about Hillary Clinton. But only because Clinton is a Democrat, not because she’s a woman. She’ll support, campaign for, and might would outright prefer, a Sarah Palin to a Mike Huckabee or Mitt Romney for President, and prefer a Nikki Haley to a Haley Barbour for Vice President.

Don’t underestimate the significance of this.

The patriarchy is alive and well, and women like Parker, Palin, Haley, Bachmann, Angle, and others are utterly committed to its maintenance. But this is not your father’s patriarchy!

Update: Oh cool, and professor Mark Lieberman of Language Log has a technical takedown of Parker’s factual assertions about “feminine” vs. “masculine” language usage at Rhetorical testosterone and analytical hallucinations


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