erotica

Guest Blogging Opportunity: Strunk/White Slash Fiction

Mon, 2011-07-11 06:09

Note: I haven't done a "guest blogging" post for years. I used to do them whenever I went out of town. I'm now back from my epic trip to Greece (if not entirely over my epic case of 10-time-zone jet lag.) But this topic just knocks for a guest-post opportunity. So better late than never.

University of Pennsylvania linguistics professor Mark Liberman, no fan of the highly and often arbitrarily-prescriptive Elements of Style dryly notes

The most recent xkcd offers some sound editorial guidance:

The validity of the strip's title string ("The best thing about Strunk/White fanfiction is that it's virtually guaranteed to be well written") is less clear, for reasons that Geoff Pullum has explained at length in various places, for example here.

...

I have not been able to find any non-fictional instances of Strunk/White fan fiction, but we can hope that in the future, references to these names will more often be separated by a slash than by an ampersand. ]

Source: Language Log

Evidently there are entire websites (I think they're called "kink meme" sites) where slash fans who are readers can request character and activity pairings and other slash fans who are writers will attempt to fulfill the request.  I'm almost completely clueless about slash but I think Liberman could request Strunk/White slash fiction here.

Guest Blogger Opportunity: Feel free to write your own Strunk/White fiction either here in comments or on your own blog.

Request: If you know of other better Kink Meme sites (where one could best request Strink/White stories) let me know in comments and I'll promote them to the main post.

Final request: If you already know of Strunk/White slash, whether you've written it or just read it, you can of course links to that in comments as well.

Update from comments:

Socially-Conservative Definitions of Porn Require Invisibility and Othering of Those With Less Narrow Definitions

Sat, 2010-06-12 15:55

If you, like the organizers and presenters at the Stop Porn Now conference underway in Boston this weekend, accept the strict definition of “pornography” I mentioned in Define Your Terms Before Debating: The Social Construction of Porn and Erotica then you’re going to have to go to considerable effort to deny that people like Matie Fricker and Molly Adler, the narrators in the video below, exist.

Again, it’s highly unlikely that Fricker and Adler are any more tolerant of exploitative, coercive, violating, violent, high-risk, unsafe, objectifying, and disrespectful porn than they’re likely to tolerate dangerous and phthalate-laden sex toys. But they call what they do sell “porn.”

Briefly in NYC Playing Tourist

Wed, 2010-06-09 20:26

Don’t ask how I got here, or why, but I’m in New York tomorrow (Thursday) and early Friday. I arrived in time to catch the last hour of NYC Feministing Happy Hour, sponsored by the bloggers at Feministing and ParadigmShift NYC (their motto: “Use the F word.”)

As usual I was too shy to introduce myself to anyone I hadn’t met before (if there’s anything more useless than being a shy extrovert) but then someone else, another newcomer, introduced herself just as I was about to leave. We talked for a few minutes and then I saw Rachel Kramer Bussel (who for some reason I keep running into all over the country) and suddenly had two people I could introduce. :-) And suddenly, ice broken, we had a nice conversation about erotica for women.

Rachel’s got a new book out, and I mean literally just out — she’d just gotten copies herself, called Fast Girls: Erotica for Women. I didn’t take a copy, though she generously offered me one, because I seriously don’t know when I’d have time to read it. But it looked pretty good.

It was good to talk with her about that — she felt a little singled out last year by Mathilde Madden and Kristina Lloyd in their issue-advocacy blog Erotica Cover Watch. Madden and Lloyd were forcefully advocating for what they called “man candy” on the covers of books and magazines when their content is written by and for heterosexual women. The tendency in the publishing industry, even for highly-progressive women-owned, women-focused publishers, is to put women on the covers. Rachel is generally sympathetic to the sentiment but said that when she’d brought it up in the past publishers told her that in genre-branding terms consumers assume men on the cover signal that the content is written for gay men while women on the cover signal more general-purpose porn… which incidentally may contain gay-male content. Rachel, who’s pretty pragmatic about it (and points out that authors and editors rarely get more than “no, not that one” veto power over covers anyway) while Madden and Lloyd were specifically trying to rock that boat.

Anyway it was pretty clear that whether that was the intention or not she felt like she was being attacked and not just her ideas. I personally happen to believe, strongly, that Madden, Lloyd, and others are right that that boat needs to be rocked I think it’s also important to remember that the people on the receiving end exist as, well, people as well as online personas. That doesn’t necessarily mean we should back off when we feel strongly that someone else is mistaken. It does mean, though, that our posts often have more impact than we imagine.

For the record, Rachel’s new book does have the genre brand of a woman on the front cover. What struck me, though, is there’s another picture of the same woman on the back and in that one she’s making direct, intelligent, and confidingly confident eye contact with the reader. Which, if publishers are going to insist on their genre cliché‘s might be a nice way to “brand’ the sub-genre of erotica for women. Assuming their faces are shown at all — not a safe assumption in the first place — women on the covers of most general-purpose erotica are generally shown looking inward or away.

=

Oh, and because I stayed to talk instead of shyly going home early I was there for a raffle drawing. And I won a gift certificate for my choice of writing and ethical-leadership workshops from the Woodhull Institute! Which looks cool but also looks like they’re all set in New York (one’s in San Francisco) so if you’re interested and in or near New York and you’d like a $100 discount to one of the workshops drop me a line and I’ll mail you the certificate.

=

Shyness notwithstanding I had a great time. Maybe next time I’ll introduce myself to someone else first. :-)

Tao of Geek Tackles Rule of Desire #1

Tue, 2010-03-16 15:12

Terri of Geek Feminism Blog says

You’re probably all familiar with the inverse law of fantasy armour for women: the less the armour covers, the more it somehow miraculously protects. Liz Walsh writes and draws the entertaining web comic Tao of Geek and I quite enjoyed her story about Naomi campaigning not for sensible armour for women, but in equal cheesecake for her male barbarian character.

The story starts here and if you don’t have a whole lot of time, you should at least check out the final punchline here.

Read the quote in context here.

Two good ones from the middle of the series (click to see them full-size at Tao of Geek.)

Tao of Geek Copyright © 2002-2010 Liz Walsh

Tao of Geek Copyright © 2002-2010 Liz Walsh

Further on in the series Walsh makes not one but two points in dialogue. A couple of passers by say “We don’t want female characters covered up” and “We like looking at pretty women” and Walsh’s character Naomi replies “No one’s saying you don’t! I don’t want to cover up women, I want to have sexy armor for all.” To which the uncomprehending passers-by repeat “We like looking at pretty women.”

Oh, and extra credit for the slash-fic reference here. (Note: Hmm… I wonder if slash fiction, which can be barkingly pornographic, continually flies under the bogus Rules of Desire is because even though both authors and readers are overwhelmingly female nearly all the the sex in slash fiction is between male characters.)

Bulk Porn Photo Research Findings #1: It Keeps Reminding Me an Awful Lot Like...

Sat, 2009-12-12 10:35

Summary: After skimming thousands of images one pattern that’s emerging is it’s striking similarity to religious imagery.

I’ve glancingly mentioned it several times that I’ve undertaken a really massive review of porn and/or erotic photos on the web as digested and reposted and redigested and reposted on the Twitter-like photo-blogging service Tumblr.com. It’s been neither as enlightening, nor as distracting as I thought it might be, and obviously the format of any one site, and the obvious tendency of linkers-in-common of photos to have tastes in common as well. So I can’t call the experience at all random.

That said, after skimming something close to 10,000 images on more than 100 sites a couple of points (beyond a lot of probably obvious ones) stand out.

The biggest one, one that finally percolated through this morning, is…

Golly but a lot of porn looks like church.

Downturned heads, skyward gazes, repose, shadows, and over, and over, and over the “Jehovanist” facial expressions (interrupted most often by transgressive but equally gnostic ones), the drapes, the sheets, the clothes, the marble or tile or even the peeling wainscoting and dingy lamps speak as much of the attributes of worship as the attributes of sex. The models often appear as saints, or sinners penitent or unrepentant, taking each other’s offered bits as much as sacrament as satisfaction. Even the stylized agonies and ecstasies of bondage mimic the mortal endurance or higher-purposed stoicism of saints. And then there’s the highly church-like lack of non-ritual eye contact with either camera or each other. Ritual eye-contact, yes, as in “take this may it serve you well,” or “am I doing this right” or during moments of “do you take this person as your lawfully-wedded…?”

That’s totally subjective, of course. And perhaps porn isn’t intended to be consumed in such tremendous gouts, any more than words are meant to be repeated over and over and over till all that’s left is the sound in your mouth.

But if you were to ask me now what porn most reminds me of… what the spatial grammar seemed most like… I’d say church.

—-

Doh! Just to be clear, I’m not saying that’s necessarily a bad thing. There’s nothing wrong, at all, with taking sex very seriously any more than it would be wrong to be serious about church. It’s just that…

I guess…

Thing is that it’s not so much about what happens in bed, any more than what happens in church.

It’s a correspondence in the ways both are presented in photography.

Because in church as in bed, and in bed as in church, more happens in reality than in our representations of it. Again that’s all fine — when we approach events as institutions we tend to filter strongly for that which meets our expectations.

What’s interesting (or maybe just revealing about me if I’m the only one) is that the representations seem so similar.

—-

What’s also interesting is how thoroughly refreshing it is when little bits of humanity poke through the solemnity. When it looks like people are having fun — not “behind the scenes” between-takes fun but old fashioned “I love this part” or “let’s remember that for next time” comfort/contact fun.

—-

And a final disclaimer: I’m not so much being critical as curious. When I take my own half-nekkid Thursday photos I’ll usually chuck ten or twenty pictures for every one I post, and I’m sure if I photographed other people instead I’d end up hewing to much the same doughty/dreamy seriousness I’ve been talking about. But now I’d be a lot more curious about what could be found in the spaces between poses.

Hmm. Something to think about.

Filament Magazine Review -- Arousing for Straight Women, Inspiring for Their Partners

Tue, 2009-08-18 19:19


Photo by Ara Maye McBay from Filamentmagazine.com

I mentioned last week that I’d ordered a copy of the first issue of Filament Magazine because their regular printers had found interesting excuses for refusing to print their second issue.

Filament, in case you’ve missed their booming word-of-mouth campaign, bills itself as a non-fashion magazine for straight women that features erotic photos of men that are also for straight women.

The articles are great. They’re more like something you’d read in Ms. or Utne Reader than something specifically designed the way Slate’s Double-X or Gawker’s Jezebel are to capture advertising for the “women’s market.” (I spotted only two ads — one for an online sports-bra retailer, another for vision-protecting vitamins.)

The photos are pretty cool too and that’s a surprise for me. I’m usually pretty neutral about men’s bodies but also often a bit squicked by the way men are presented in porn meant for men. I don’t identify with the men in gay porn, and I really don’t identify with the contortions men in straight porn are put through in order to preserve lines of sight to their partner’s bodies.

The photos in Filament are kind of eye-opening even though or maybe because they’re not for me! I look at them and don’t think “where would I fit in” the way men are sort of meant to in for-men porn. Instead I keep thinking is that how a partner would like to see me? or did I look like that when I was 20? Also (blush!) I kept thinking what would I do but what would a partner want to do to me! Or want me to do to her! A feeling I really don’t get from porn for men because, at least for me, porn for men is about knowing exactly what I’d like to do next.

There’s also a cool sense of drama in some of them — not so much scenarios or the fabled “plot lines” as visual and atmospheric context that goes beyond “m’kay, here’s what the model looks like with out a top; here’s what the model looks like in undies; here’s what the model looks like lying on a bed; here’s what the model looks like giving/getting/watching this or that sex act” you see more of in industrial porn for men.

Point being that I enjoyed reading the articles I was inspired by the photography.

Bottom line? It’s the sort of magazine I’d enjoy reading in bed. With a partner. Not so much one-handed reading as three-handed. :-)

Progress on Erotica Cover Watch's Campaign for More Men on Covers for Straight Women

Mon, 2009-08-03 22:37

Kristina Lloyd of Erotica Cover Watch has a fun post about an erotic romance anthology for women that went from a bottom-seller to best seller when they changed the title and cover art.

Cecilia Tan, editor of the anthology, got in touch with Erotica Cover Watch to tell about this ‘victory for the female gaze’. When MILF Fantasies was first released as an ebook early in 2009, it barely sold. Cecilia was informed it was one of Ravenous Romance’s worst selling anthologies. Then the book was repackaged, the pretty woman on the cover vanished and along came three young dudes baring their rock hard abs – result! Within days, the book shot into RR’s top ten.

Read the quote in context here.

She explains a bit of publisher insider strategy and adds

Ravenous Romance are primarily an erotic romance publisher. As we know, there’s beefcake aplenty on romance covers because, in catering explicitly to women, the genre doesn’t have to worry about deterring male consumers. But RR are also publishing straight erotica such as Young Studs (contributors include names familiar to anyone who reads smut: Rachel Kramer Bussel, Elizabeth Coldwell, Andrea Dale, Sage Vivant) and, because these are ebooks, again the publisher needn’t fret about passing guys going all weird at the sight of another guy with his kit off. As Cecilia wrote: ‘What [RR] have found is that the ebook audience is so overwhelmingly female that the “normal” rules of erotica publishing (you know the ones, the ones that say a woman has to be on the cover) Do Not Apply.‘

I think this is progress. Sure, we want to see men and couples on covers that exist in spaces other than those reserved for women. We want men to be sexualised in the way women are sexualised. We want het erotica for men and women to be represented by men and women on the covers. It’s called equality. And if ebooks can nudge erotica publishing in that direction, I’m happy.

I think it’s progress too. If the shoe was on the other foot I’d be pretty vexed if the cover of every erotica title for straight men featured only straight men on the cover. Not because I wouldn’t identify with the men, and not because I’d be squicked, but because… c’mon, identifying with and being interested in are pretty different things. And since men and women tend to be more alike than different, I have to assume you’d feel the same way.

Oh, one last thing, dear to my own personal, self-interested heart. Lloyd concludes here post with

Ravenous Romance are boldly targeting their erotica at women – and the strategy is clearly successful.

Look what’s riding high in their charts right now: The DILF Anthology

I mean, no one would dream of designing a book like that to market to straight men, would they?

Far be it from me to complain about that!

HNT Editorial: Straining Credulity in the Defense of Half-Nekkid Self Photography

Thu, 2009-07-23 13:02

Pam Spaulding of Pandagon has a nifty writeup of yet another “family values” Republican, this time Tennessee State Senator Paul Stanley, who a) pursued a typical evangelical religious social-conservative legislative agenda, including some anti-porn legislation, while b) conducting an affair with a much younger employee that included c) taking “compromising” photos of the intern at his apartment.

Instead of just handwringing or tisk-tisking I’m going to try for a different interpretation. But first here are the specifics…

The boyfriend, Joel Palmer Watts. 28, discovered a computer memory disc with sexually explicit photographs of [the intern, Mackenzie Morrison] that appeared to have been taken in Stanley’s apartment. Watts then blackmailed Stanley, demanding $10,000 in return for keeping quiet.

“Releasing the photographs to individuals or the media would cause embarrassment, both professionally and personally, to Stanley,” according to the court affidavit, as if we needed an explanation for why this might pose a small problem for our family values champion.

While this sounds like a garden-variety Republican Sexual Hypocrite, Stanley takes it up a notch with his legislative CV: 1) he campaigned against the right of gays and lesbians to adopt (“When you’re married, there’s a commitment there,” Stanley said last year, while discussing legislation to prohibit gay people from adopting children); and….drum roll…2) he introduced a bill prohibiting viewing porn while driving (WTF!? Is this some kind of rampant problem in Tennessee?)

...

BTW, this hypocrite Stanley told NewsChannel 5 that he will continue his social conservative legislative agenda.

Read the rest of Spaulding’s post, and follow her additional links, here.

It being Half-Nekkid Thursday and all I’m going to see if I can cobble together some way for Paul Stanley to look somewhat like less of a hypocrite… though not less of a jerk… for legislating against porn while taking his own erotic photos. Here’s how something like that might work:

a) A lot of anti-porn people seem to define porn as the depiction of unwilling, disadvantaged victims performing unwanted sexual acts that leave them feeling degraded and abused. Depending on the degree to which one believes women have any sexual agency beyond the limited right to say no before marriage this may include believing that all persons, or at least all women, who appear in porn are by-definition coerced, degraded, and performing unwanted acts. Although it might not.

b) Sen. Stanley, and possibly Ms. Morrison, may have regarded the images found by the boyfriend as mere mementos of a sexual relationship where no one was coerced or degraded and where no unwilling or undesired acts were performed.

Therefore

c) There might be no contradiction and therefore no hypocrisy if the Senator was opposed to a) porn-as-bad-by-definition and b) provocative and/or explicit images taken with only the intention to arouse the parties involved and, possibly, anyone else the participating parties chose to share those images with. Which evidently would not include the would-be blackmailer, Mr. Watts. Nor, obviously, would the “certain members of the media” Mr. Watts proposed to share those photos with without the consent of Sen. Stanley and Ms. Morrison.

d) Which, of course, creates the distinction most right-minded people need to judge publication of so-called “revenge porn.” Revenge porn is often ordinary erotica taken by consenting parties for their personal enjoyment which is then discovered by or shared with third parties without the consent of all the original participants. Often with the intention of humiliating or degrading one or more of the original participants against their will. Thus, if one prefers the “it’s only porn if it’s bad, it’s only bad if its porn” definition then that’s the point at which ordinary, self-taken images can become porn.

Therefore, if that was Sen. Stanley’s position, it would not be hypocritical to legislate against porn while taking personal photos. I’m not buying it, but I could see someone trying to make that case.

Oh, and e) Bonus supporting point: When confronted by Watt’s blackmail attempt Stanley went straight to the cops who in turn set up a sting and arrested Watts. It’s actually kind of remarkable that a married evangelical ‘winger legislator would be so straightforward, but it’s actually the exactly correct thing to do when someone like, oh, say, the average HNT participant or anyone who’s own images are misappropriated. Because whatever social consequences one might run into (remember, even in socially conservative Tennessee Stanley appears to still be married and still be a Senator) the legal consequences to the blackmailer are way harsher. Anyway, Stanley’s behavior would be consistent with my attempted he’s-a-jerk-but-not-a-hypocrite interpretation of what came down.

Now.

That being all said and done there’s a rather prominent loose end I can now address — the bit about Ms. Morrison being an intern and Sen. Stanley being at least her nominal employer and supervisor. Such relationships may or may not be an issue for evangelical tub-thumpers but they’re considered actionable under employment law. Remember I’ve been attempting to be generous here so while not forgiving or forgetting, for purposes of the first part of this post I’m treating it as a separate offense. (For which, to keep things tidy, he probably ought to be investigated, and sanctioned, under any and all rules, regulations, and statutes.)

Happy HNT (or Half-nekkid Thursday!)

Jennifer Lyon Bell's "Matinee," Cinekink Award Winner in Best Short Narrative Category

Sat, 2009-05-09 19:08

One of the evening activities after Sex 2.0 (Twitter tag #sex20con) this evening was a screening of award-winning porn, including Matinee, directed by Jennifer Lyon Bell, from the Cinekink 2009 event. Here’s a synopsis of Matinee from Cinekink

Actors Mariah and Daniel play lovers every night, but their onstage romance lacks spark. One slow afternoon, they discover that today’s matinée performance will make or break both of their careers. Daniel wants to make big changes, and Mariah starts to wonder: are Daniel’s suggestions reasonable? Or has he lost track of the boundary between actor and character? Rushed to the stage, in front of a live audience, they must figure it out together.

They said it here.

I came in late and, because the room was very crowded, I didn’t stay long. And so I don’t know much about the premise or plot. But the one sex scene I saw was in my opinion a real eye-opener.

The female lead leads! Every step of the way she’s the active party. The point of view focuses on both of them but she’s the one doing the foreplay, stroking him hard, eating him, unwrapping the condom, pulling him toward her, guiding him into her. Even when he’s on top she’s actively moving up against him as much as he’s moving into her.

They separate before either of them come. She climbs on top of him. He holds himself this time, but more to hold himself steady as engulfs him. Once they’re joined he leans back and she moves. As she gets more excited she reaches down and rolls her own clitoris.

Again they stop before either of them come. She rolls back. Their hands join over her vulva. He strokes her to a well-acted but persuasive rather than porn/theatrical orgasm. Rather than jump to the next scene there’s a really nice enactment of the pause for “aftershock” care.

There were a lot of highly non-vanilla people present and I didn’t think the film was well received (they may have just been really rowdy, or else perhaps the into scenes, which I didn’t see, were unbearably hokey.) But I thought from a gender-role perspective its hetero/vanilla veneer made it all the more transgressive. She put the condom on him even before she began to eat him. The pace and tempo was in regular-intercourse tempo rather than the conventional hyper-porn bippity-bippity-bip pace that, I think, is pitched more for the tempo of male masturbation. There was no money shot. No calling anyone a bitch or grimacing out “give me your fat rutabaga you big stud.” At least while I was there she came and he didn’t. In fact except that there was nudity, PIV penetration, and couple of porn-style moans and groans it missed most of the tropes I remember driving me to give up on video porn.

That last bit is kind of interesting: any bumpkin in porn can cough out a money shot, and many do. The standard routine is, roughly, that the director gets all the shots he or she needs, all the positions, acts, and angles, and then they stop everything re-arrange the shoot, and the actor stands or kneels and quickly wanks out an ejaculation. Usually on somebody else’s body or face. Whee! Just how I always want to finish when I have sex (but, to be fair, it probably helps the target-male customer identify since at that point he’s probably masturbating too.) What’s different about Matinee is that she has the “money shot” using only his hands — considerably more difficult even for porn actresses to produce in male actors (given how rarely they do it instead of him.)

An important point that I probably wouldn’t have picked up on if I hadn’t been watching with other, perhaps more porn-savvy viewers: I get the impression is more of a masturbation aid than representative sex. And so, I think, maybe the stylized, 7-minute naked-step-aerobics of “real” porn is more effective for people who use it to get off than the stuff regular people do. (Sort of like you might enjoy seeing a whole top-chef episode worth of effort to prepare your meal even though you probably wouldn’t want to cook under that kind of pressure yourself every evening.

But by and large? Although personally I like a little more turn-taking when I have sex it was all in all the kind of slow comfortable, cuddly, orgasmic screw I’d thoroughly enjoy spending a matinee-long afternoon doing with a partner.

Anyway, cool scene in what looked like a cool movie. (The Cinekink jury evidently agreed. They gave Matinee the award for best narrative short.

"Mass-Market Monopolization" and Women's "Sexuality as a Financial Commodity"

Fri, 2008-11-28 11:55

An exasperated Abby Lee of Girl With a One-Track Mind snarked out an impressive list of Cosmo-esque “Facts.” Various approving bloggers have posted excerpts, here’s mine.

  • I adore that when people say “sexy”, they mean “female”.
  • It pleases me that the default position in how sex is marketed is always male and heterosexist, or female and bisexual. Because women never want to see pictures of naked men: all of us are happier just to look at other women, don’t you know?!
  • I love it that porn is so focused on the male perspective, because as a woman I obviously have no interest in seeing it portrayed through a female gaze.
  • I don’t need to wank because, like, I’m not a man. Also, my boyfriend might get jealous.
  • I have no need for orgasms because cuddling is so much nicer and women don’t have the same sexual urges as men, anyway. Also, what’s an orgasm?
  • I like accusing women of being “sex negative” if they reject the mass-market monopolisation of their sexuality as a financial commodity.

She said it here.

It’s funny how that whole “humorless bitch” thing works. By a lot of standards I’m being “sex negative” when I reject the mass-market monopolization of women’s sexuality as a financial commodity. The “financial commodity” part could just be another way of saying the “no-sex” class — it assumes women’s sexuality as an extractable or manufacturable, transferrable, fungible**: of value to women as an item of exchange but not personally needed (since cuddling is so much nicer.)

More recently I’ve gone “sex negative” on the mass-market monopolization part as well, objecting to the remarkably durable-in-the-face-of-counter-evidence impression that women are such a universal symbol of (heterosexual) sex that generically sexualized images of women are used to market erotica by straight women for other straight women. Leaving room for men to appear exclusively as… well, it’s kind of irrelevant since except for the occasional crusading blogger hetero men almost never appear as erotic in their own right. Doing things to correctly erotic women, maybe, as proxies for presumed hetero male consumers, but never themselves intentionally presented as erotically “consumable” for the enjoyment of methodicall-presumed-non-existant hetero women consumers (who’s boyfriends wouldn’t approve of them wanking anyway… unless it was so they could watch.)

Yup. Sex-negative, that’s me. That’s Abby Lee. That’s Amanda Marcotte and her boyfriend. That’s a lot of you. Because it’s not even sex unless it’s only pleasurable to men and profitable for women. Anything else would be unnatural!

(I love Lee’s list, by the way — it’s cool seeing which items different people have chosen to excerpt for their posts. If you visit her site you can probably find favorites of your own.)

[** Fungible: Term used to describe assets (usually securities) that can be exchanged with similar assets and are capable of being “loaned” (www.hmrc.gov.uk/manuals/vatfinmanual/VATFIN9300.htm); a commodity that is freely interchangeable with another in satisfying an obligation of goods or commodities — freely exchangeable for or replaceable by another of like nature or kind in the satisfaction of an obligation (wordnet.princeton.edu/perl/webwn); Fungibility is the property of a good or a commodity whose individual units are capable of mutual substitution (en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fungible.) —fl]

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