gender roles

Cool Site: Gender Across Borders

Let me take a moment away from my chronic writer's block* to say that the large group blog Gender Across Borders - a global feminist blog kind of rocks.

Just today there have been posts about

It's just all-round interesting perspectives plus clarification of issues I didn't know I don't know enough about.  Even when I thought I did.

 

* About this writer's block?   I dunno.  I still usually draft several posts a day, get them about 95% finished, and still can't get myself to write a closing sentence and post them.  Back. Log.  City.  Month after month.  I can comment just fine on other people's blogs.  Just not here.  Sigh.


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One of Terri Conley's Six Myths Probably Helps Shape the Other Five

Feministing blogger Maya summarizes Terri Conley's debunking of six common gender-essentialist myths. Follow the links to read the rest. The last two myths really stood out for me.

5) Men like casual sex more than women do

This is one of the most persistent myths out there. But the researchers say that women’s reluctance to accept an offer of casual sex is mostly because they’re not convinced the guy will be good in bed (see #4) and are afraid of being slut-shamed. If you account for these two barriers, the gender difference disappears.

6) Women are pickier than men

Everyone tends to be choosier when they’re approached by a potential partner, and less choosy when they’re doing the approaching. So it’s our lingering expectation that men do the asking and women the accepting–not some evolutionary bullshit about spreading seeds–that keeps this myth alive.

Source: Feministing

The factors affecting #5 seem to be the crux of the matter for a lot of the other discrepancies. The higher the likelihood that sex will be personally disappointing (not just non-orgasmic but downright bad) the more “reasons” you’re probably going to need to do it anyway regardless of gender.

Meanwhile, to the extent “slut shaming” imposes external costs above and beyond personal enjoyment (or, conversely, to the extent that “stud-congratulating” imposes external benefits beyond actual enjoyment) you’d expect to see those being shamed limiting their activities.

If you include in “slut shaming” awkward little historical tendencies like “honor killings” and “stone her if she’s not a virgin on her wedding night,” plus psychiatric treatment for “nymphomania” if she wants sex more than her long-term partner, and approximately 0% interest from authorities if you’re sexually assaulted then we’re not just talking about a little name calling being an inhibiting factor. You don’t need special “genes” to explain that — just the plain old ordinary genes for self-preservation.

I'm perfectly comfortable with the notion of behavior-linked genes shaped by self-preservation in social situations. I just generally have a tough time with selected-for behavior that has to have evolved to handle a wide variety of fairly subtle and often ephemeral gendered situations.


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Re: Old Baptist Punchline - "Because it Might Lead to Dancing"

I'm less sure why "grind" dancing is considered a bad thing. Sure, there's lots of sexual connotations. But...

Except for sweat there doesn't seem to be a lot of sharing of bodily fluids.

Also, this is going to sound old-fogie and out of touch maybe but...

Over time I've noticed that whereas there was a sort of mythology about men's "thrusting" behavior, as contrasted to women's passive receptivity, it's been seeming to me lately that women have their own version of "thrusting" that...

Pretty similar in both motivation and intent.

It's just that attitudes have changed since the 1970s that it's ok to, I dunno, thrust back.


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Emily Dugan on Yet Another Horrific Consequence of Virginity Fetishism: Rewarding "Bridenapping" Rapists

Reading Emily Dugan's piece in The Independent about the practice of "bridenapping" around the world it seems kind of important to note that, over and over and around the world from Somalia to Sarajevo, the mechanism that seems to make bride kidnapping work is the notion that once a woman is presumed to have been "taken," even against her will, she's too tainted, damaged, or unclean either for her family to take her back or for anyone else to agree to marry her.

What on the Great Blue Marble is that all about anyway!?!?! And all for the hypothetical value of a sliver of vestigial tissue in whole human beings who are entirely competent, capable and often even ( in Dugan's case from Kyrgyzstan) college educated and working!


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Head's Up -- The Spouse-Beating Business in Topika is Just the Wrapping Paper on Conservative's "Traditional Marriage" Agenda!

Pamela Haag begins a post with the following tidbit:

Like other local and state governments, Topeka, Kansas is in the grips of a dismal budget crisis. So this week, Topeka’s City Council did something desperate. They debated decriminalizing domestic violence--because the cost of prosecuting these cases, and other misdemeanors, is just too high. The county has already turned back 30 domestic violence cases since they stopped prosecuting them on September 8.

One of the problems with these stories is that it’s hard to believe that we’re actually hearing what we’re hearing. Sometimes I think the 20th century was all a dream, and we’ve awakened back in the 19th. Could civilization unravel so much that we rip up paved roads to save money—or revive wife-beating to save a buck? It sounds like a satirical Onion headline.

Source: Big Think Proxy

My first inclination post this with the title "Oh for heaven's sakes, part 3,776" or something like that. But the rest of Haag's post is too important to miss. It's an essay on the extremely narrow definitions of marriage extreme right-wing "traditionalists" like, naturally, Kansas governor Sam Brownback emphasize is their "marriage encouragement" policies.

It’s not heterosexual marriage generically that’s promoted in Kansas and elsewhere. It’s marriage of a particular (patriarchal) brand and a particular (gender-typed) sort.

...

Ironically, in the classes and states today that have the very lowest divorces rates—the educated, affluent middle class, that is, and uber-liberal Massachusetts—it’s precisely this sort of gender role flexibility that you’re likely to see. The community welcomes stay-at-home dads as well as stay-at-home moms. Dads and moms are likely to perform a variety of roles in marriage, from breadwinning to breadbaking and childrearing and nurturing. These precisely aren’t marriages of interdependence, but of overlapping, multi-tasking competencies. Still, the defense of marriage tends to trash career moms for ruining the family, and privilege distinct husband and wife roles

...

If a view doesn’t punch our own life in the face, then we think it can’t hurt us.

But marriage politics today aren’t just about opposition to same-sex marriage and homosexuality. No, they’re interested in your big, fat, straight wedding, too. Campaigns for traditional marriage support particular versions of heterosexual marriage. To paraphrase from Animal Farm, some marriages are more equal than others.

Yes, the initial snippet about effectively legalized wife (and husband) battering is shocking but Haag reminds us that it's just one tiny foray in a very long, quiet, and persistent campaign to and to re-enact Biblical, capital-P Patriarchy.

Having rather enjoyed I can't imagine why anyone would want to effectively repeal the second half of the 20th Century as well as the first tenth of the 21st, let alone why they'd want to force everyone else to go back. But they do.


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Thoughts on Scott Brown's and Elizabeth Warren's Stupid Exchange Over Nude Photography

Image via TalkingPointsMemo. Cached as a bandwidth-conserving courtesy
Image via TalkingPointsMemo.

Part 1: Massachusetts Senate Candidate Elizabeth Warren stupidly declared that unlike her opponent, incumbent Sen. Scott Brown, she didn't pay for college by posing naked (for Cosmopolitan back when the magazine published monthly nude male pinups.)

Part 2: When asked by a talk-show host whether he had "officially responded to Elizabeth Warren’s comment about how she didn’t take her clothes off?" Brown stupidly laughed and said “Thank God!"

What. Ever.

A couple things here. First of all, if Elizabeth Warren used as many cosmetics as Scott Brown she'd be as conventionally attractive. This isn't a knock on Brown, but it's not a knock on Warren either. Cosmetics are a choice. They can have a profound effect on our appearance even though they make no difference in our abilities to function.* Brown has generally chosen one way, Warren another. Both are petty to have brought it up.

Second, fuck Warren for trying to slut-shame Brown!

Third, fuck Brown for slamming Warren's potential sex appeal!

Since both present entirely within generally-accepted parameters for life in contemporary culture it's none of one's businesses either how the other chooses to present nor is it anyone's business how the rest of the general public ought to interpret their choices.

Oh, and fourth, the role reversals -- Elizabeth Warren playing the "dismissive male" with her disapproval of frivolity and Scott Brown playing the "compromised but prideful ingénue" with his arch riposte is just too precious for words.

And finally? Fifthly? Good for Brown for posing naked for beefcake photos in a national magazine at a time when there was tremendous pressure on men to gaze rather than be gazed upon. And for similar reasons good for Warren for putting accomplishment ahead of appearance. Each played then, and to a certain extent could play now, an important role in breaking through centuries of gendered expectations... but by now fishtailing past each other like Boston drivers in snow they're not helping anybody.

Note: Image and all quotes taken from TalkingPointsMemo.com.

* Well, technically it can make a difference in terms our our ability to "psyche" ourselves. For instance an always-meticulous editor I used to work with (not as a writer) always wore a precisely tailored suit, tie, and polished shoes on the days he did his final edits. His argument was that dressing extra carefully helped him work extra carefully. But I digress...


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On "Red Flag" vs. "Shallow" Dealbreakers, the Place for Critizism of "Shallow" Dealbreakers, and What About Men's Dealbreakers?

Photo by Flickr user Jon Bragg. Cached as a bandwidth-conserving courtesy
Photo by Flickr user Jon Bragg. Used under a Creative Commons license.

Here's Lynn Gazis-Sax on the recent dealbreaker meme. Pointing out, correctly, that there's probably no controversy about what she calls "red flag" dealbreakers, and there shouldn't be much of an issue with "we don't share the same values" dealbreakers (say, a collector and a declutterer) there are also "shallow" dealbreakers. About which she has some great points (emphasis hers):

Finally, there are the “shallow” dealbreakers, the ones that involve looks, hobbies, tastes, etc. Now, the thing about shallow dealbreakers is that several things are true:

  • You have the right to have any dealbreaker you darn well please.
  • That “right” doesn’t mean a right never to be criticized for your dealbreakers (and it especially doesn’t mean a right never to be criticized for your dealbreakers if you announce them in a particularly rude way). It does mean that, once the deal is broken, the person you’re not going to date needs to accept no for an answer, and it does mean that at a certain point you get to tell people to butt out of your business.
  • You should, in fact, not date anyone you don’t want. That applies even if the reason you don’t want him is contrary to other people’s values. It also applies if the reason you don’t want him is contrary to your own values. If, for instance, you really, really wish you could be sexually attracted to men (because your faith won’t allow you to sleep with other women), but you’re actually only attracted to women, it’s not fair to pick a guy you’re not attracted to and date him anyway. For as long as your attractions and your faith are in conflict, suck up and be abstinent; at least that way, you don’t wind up imposing on some unhappy man who would have liked a woman who actually found him attractive.
  • At the same time, some “dealbreakers” may turn out to be more malleable than you thought they were. Sometimes people’s attractions even change (though the one about which sex you’re actually attracted to seems to be, if at least partly mutable for some people, pretty darn resistant to deliberate change). If you’re not happy with the men you’re actually choosing, you may want to rethink your choices. That might mean caring less about how a man dresses, or deciding that values are dealbreakers but tastes are fungible. The point here, though, isn’t to “settle” (and it isn’t that no one gets to have any “shallow” dealbreaker – see above about how you’re doing no one any favors if you date people you can’t find attractive); it’s to pick useful standards, ones that actually bring you a happy relationship, rather than being more exacting about things that matter less than about things that matter more.

Source: Noli Irritare Leones

I think the second point nicely handles, say, Jill Filipovic's defense of "shallow" dealbreakers while making sense out of Rebecca Watson's reservations about mocking those you've declined to date for "shallow" dealbreaker reasons.  While also nicely handling the case where when it's a woman who balks over a "shallow" dealbreaker it instantly stops being about the shallowness and turns into zomg there'sfeminernazifemalebichesusingwordsonmyinternetsmakeitstopppsss!!!!

But I digress.  One peculiarity in the discourse is an assumption that it's generally women who wield the dealbreakers.  Actually that's not all that peculiar in and of itself.  Inside the dominant paradigm where men are supposed to initiate and women are only supposed to accept or decline it makes sense that women's dealbreakers are visible (it's easy and almost inevitable to wonder "why did you say no") whereas men's are invisible (it's almost impossible to imagine anyone saying "why did you just not ask me out just then?")  And therefore inside the dominant paradigm it follows that there would be talk of shallow "gatekeeping" but none about the often equally shallow... I dunno... call it "gate passing."

What I don't get so much is how much of the conversation hasn't mentioned, or mocked, shallow gate passing.  (Note: if I was feeling more strident I'd mention how this is yet further another still instance where we men have the wind at our backs.)

Because it seems like the Lynn's points about dealbreaking apply equally to both responding to and initiating relationship overtures.


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Did You Know Victorian England Had a "Superflouous Women" Problem? Do You Know How They Thought They Could Solve It?

While looking for other information pertaining to the "sexual revolution" in the Victorian era (actually I was just looking for information about what people were wearing during that period) I stumbled across the following in a paragraph about sex work of all things in Wikipedia (emphasis mine.)

When the United Kingdom Census 1851 publicly revealed a 4% demographic imbalance in favour of women (i.e., 4% more women than men), the problem of prostitution began to shift from a moral/religious cause to a socio-economic one. The 1851 census showed that the population of Great Britain was roughly 18 million; this meant that roughly 750,000 women would remain unmarried simply because there were not enough men. These women came to be referred to as "superfluous women" or "redundant women", and many essays were published discussing what, precisely, ought to be done with them. "Why are Women Redundant" William Rathbone Greg, N. Trubner & Co. 1869]

Source: Wikipedia: Victorian Era

Wading as far as I could through Greg and Trubner's Victorian prose is difficult (here's a link to the Google Books version) it looks like they don't believe it's a problem that some women through virtue, commitment or genius preferred not to marry at all, nor is it the incredibly large number who worked as domestic servants. Instead it's because

We will be plain, because we wish both to be brief and to be true. So many women are single because so many men are profligate. Probably, among all the sources of the social anomaly in question, this, if fully analyzed, would be found to be the most fertile, and to lie the deepest. The case lies in a nut-shell. Few men -- incalculably few -- are truly celibate by nature or by choice. There are few who would not purchase love, or the indulgences which are its coarse equivalents, by the surrender or the curtailment of nearly all other luxuries and fancies, if they could obtain them on no cheaper terms. In a word, few -- comparatively very few -- would not marry as soon as they could maintain a wife in anything like decency or comfort, if only through marriage they could satisfy their craving and gratify their passions.

If their sole choice lay between entire chastity -- a celibacy as strict and absolute as that of women* -- or obedience to the natural dictates of the senses and the heart in only legitimate mode the decision of nine out of ten of those who now remain bachelors during the whole or a great portion of their lives would, there can be no doubt, be in favour of marriage.

Source: Why Women are Redundant, pg. 27

In other words, if there hadn't so many sex workers in the Victorian era there wouldn't have been a "surplus" of women. Because, you know, men who wanted to "quench their passions" would have to resort to... gasp... wives!

This from an era that allegedly revered women's purity above all else.

What.

Ever.

* Note the implication both of women as the "no-sex" class and men as the obligatory "sex class?"


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Rachel Hills: Doesn't "Men Crave New Partners, Women Lose Interest in Old Ones" Amounts to the Same Thing?

Rachel Hills catches of some author pushing the line that men and women are so different they need to have seminars to figure them out in a little bit of double-standarding.

In What Men Want, for instance, she argues that men have an insatiable need for variety. But she also says that women are more likely to go off sex in long term relationships – not because they don’t want it at all, but because they don’t want it from their husbands.

Source: Musings of an Inappropriate Woman

When you think about it you realize how difficult it is to maintain the facade of women being from Mars and men from Venus or however that story about interplanetary differences goes. Because, seriously, can it really be that difficult to say that both men and women, being human beings, like novelty? And call me a rebel here but has no one really ever noticed that, again like all human beings, men no less than women simultaneously crave stability?


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Is the Mainstream Starting to Wake Up (In a Non-Panicky Way) To the Asexuals Among Us?

Photo by Flickr user davidgljay. Cached as a bandwidth-conserving courtesy
Photo by Flickr user davidgljay. Used under a Creative Commons license.

Via Marginal Revolution, it looks like the mainstream is finally (finally!) starting to notice asexuality.

Here is much more, interesting throughout, hat tip to The Browser.

Source: Marginal Revolution

It's about time.

I love that the image MR author Tyler Cowen chose was of an asexual man. It's neither intolerable nor inconceivable that a man would be disinterested in sex, because there are plenty of examples in history and around the world, plus there's a whole minor literature of complaints by women of their partners "slowing down," of various religious dictates of men's obligations to "provide" or "service" their wives, of men mourning the loss or declines of their libidos, and so on. And the whole semen conservation thing.

There's also whole unusual-in-the-west notion that men are naturally chaste, modest, and moral and instead it's women who should be blamed for promiscuity (though usually because they want to get pregnant, not, heaven forfend, that they're ever just horny.) Which explains why acceptance of Rule #1 makes it seem (falsely) logical that it's women who are most likely to be asexual.

But if it's not inconceivable and intolerable to become a third bogus Rule of Desire it's certainly not a familiar notion that young, healthy, even vital men might ever be disinclined or disinterested.

In reality, of course, men and women seem to be roughly equally inclined to be asexual.

Anyway, asexuals: they're neither straight nor queer but they're here. We'd all be better off if we got used to it.


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