infidelity

"Nature" Vs. Natural Opportunity: Powerful Women As Attracted to Adultery as Powerful Men

Fri, 2011-06-03 15:55

Back in April Echidne said of the incontrovertible biological "fact" that women's interest in men is exclusively related to men's wealth, status, or power

As long as women are, on average, poorer than men we are going to observe more female hypergamy than male hypergamy.

Source: Echidne of the Snakes

That's even empirically true. But guess what else is true? For some mad, zany, bogus Rules of Desire-defying reason, the vast, vast majority of women still want relationships with men.  Why you'd think it might have something to do with... something besides "golddigging."  Maybe it even has something to do with, you know, heterosexual desire.  Just like, you know, heterosexual men!

And guess what?

Crazy I know but there you have it.

But! In the face of that "fact" of female "hypergamy" have you ever wondered women are inclined to behave when they themselves achieve personal wealth, status, and/or power?

Turns out a Dutch sociologist, Joris Lammers of Tilburg University, has spent a lot of time researching the effects of personal power on individuals' morality, legitimacy, hypocrisy, depersonalization. And it turns out he's just applied the question of how personal power affects women's relationships to fidelity and adultery in a survey of business women with 1,500 respondents.

The upshot? I'm not crazy about the source publication (the Daily Mail) but while their prose and photography is heavily larded with lurid stereotypical examples the gist seems consistent with the sort of things Lammers has said in prior articles. (His current paper is not yet available on line.)

[H]igh-earning, successful women are every bit as willing as men to use their power to attract younger lovers for quick flings.

...

However, a new academic study suggests women are inherently no more virtuous than men. It’s just that, in the past, they have lacked the confidence or opportunity to stray.

...

Like men, women are finding that power is a potent aphrodisiac. And just like men, they are giving in to the thrill of illicit lunchtime assignations and the sheer excitement that accompanies their transgression.

Nor do they feel any more guilty or ashamed about it than a man would — if anything, less so.

Source: The Daily Mail

That tends to bear out Echidne's point. Much of what we "know" about women's "nature" comes from history and tradition. And for most of history, and by near-universal tradition, women have had doodly-squat personal power, status, or wealth. And when one is in a dependent situation one makes other trade-offs in exchange. And when it comes to sexual relationships, especially possibly reproductive ones, the tradeoff evidently is less sexual fulfillment and self-expression in favor of maintaining the trust and interest of the person one depends on.

But!

That means many of the qualities tradition and history assigns to women are artifacts of power, status, and wealth imbalances rather "natural" ones. In other words the behavior we're used to is a product of socially-constructed gender not innate biological sex.

And incidentally I'd just add that whereas one might be tempted to say that power, status, or wealth makes women behave "just like men" that that too is gender construction. For that matter it's also class construction. Because to say "women of independent means are as likely as independent men to be unfaithful" isn't to say that if all women of means aren't unfaithful then the assertion falls apart. And that would be because the assertion also means that non-dependent men are no more likely to commit adultery than comparable women. And in fact, over all, men and women are approximately as inclined to fidelity and monogamy as they're inclined towards adultery and polyfidelity.

There are observed differences but the Daily Mail's reporter, Ruth Sunderland (who unlike many of her colleagues, must not have been drunk or horny), interviewed a Financial Times columnist and novelist, Lucy Kellaway and came away with a likely reason that's also far more social than "natural."

‘There is a double standard,’ she says. ‘A man having an affair might be seen as a bit of a lad, whereas a woman like Stella in my book is likely to be seen as pathetic, or a bitch and a slapper.

‘Because there are so few women executives, the ones that do succeed are put on a pedestal — and they have a lot farther to fall. The message of my book is that affairs end badly for everyone.’

And, while the figures demonstrate very clearly that increasing numbers of successful women are being tempted to stray, can women really divorce sex from commitment in the same way as a man?

Well, no, not if you put it that way. But the reason isn't that women are different from men, it's that society judges women differently from men.

That's not the same thing at all, at all: "held to a different, double-standard" simply isn't a heritable biological trait.

Via Emily Tan and Em and Lo.

It Doesn't Matter Who You Do it With, Cheating Isn't Sex-Positive

Mon, 2010-10-18 16:01

So someone who’s about to get married wrote Svutlana to say she had a fling with her best-friend maid of honor, enjoyed it quite a bit, and now wonders if she could be a lesbian. Svultlana offers some great sex-positive advice… in her trademarked fractured English of course.

it seem for me that big question here no simple be whether you be lesbian or no, Ms Dyke. Svutlana be extreme sorry for say, but even though you no insert foreign penis anywhere in for your body, you just cheat on husband-for-be. It seem for me that this fact complete escape you, maybe because you cheat with best friend maid-of-honors and now be complete obsess with try for decide if you should buy L Word series value pack or no…

For sure cheat with maid-of-honors no seem like cheat at all…it simple seem like enhance maid-of-honors job describe that include give bride-for-be most incredible earthshake orgasm that, in Svutlana opinion, sure beat host bore bride shower. Need you for ask self why you feel need for make earthshakes with somebody other than your fiancé. Maybe it be fling or maybe be shades of flings for come and indicate that you no be ready for make lifetime commitment.

Source: Svutlana of Svutlandia.

Oh, by “sex-positive” did anyone think the advice would be “hey, if it feels good do it?” Obviously a lot of people can make very sound arguments in favor of changing the rules of a relationship without consulting one’s partner, a.k.a. cheating. It’s been all the mode lately to say “it doesn’t count if you do it with another chick.” And you’ll run into plenty of folks who say it would be “sex-negative” to expect someone to remain monogamous when they would rather not.

Sex positivity is considerably more complicated than that. In addition to being more tolerant of other people’s sexual natures, and more honest about your own, it also means being generally more responsible in the relationships you enter and choose to remain in. And that includes making and honoring agreement’s with your current partners, and seeking… even risking… renegotiations.

Sex positivity absolutely says it’s ok to have sex with someone of your own sex if that’s what you desire, if you’re both adults, and if it’s an informed, mutual decision. No doubt about that. But precisely because the sex or gender of your partner is irrelevant it’s also irrelevant who you cheat with.

Point being that real sex positivity says it’s ok to have sex with the partners of your choice… but it’s not ok to screw them over.

I’m not saying don’t do it, incidentally. I’ve cheated on a partner in the past, I’ve been cheated on in the past, and I’ve also had sex with someone who was cheating on her partner at the time. In no case was it the end of the world. (At least for me the end of the world has always been the loss of an authentic relationship, period. That might coincide with an incident of cheating, and so I think it’s easy to confuse the two. But relatively rates of self-reported sexual infidelity suggest most relationships aren’t damaged by cheating per se. But I digress…)

Just don’t confuse it with being sex positive. (After all, otherwise you’d have to accept that serial adulterers like Newt Gingrich and sex-worker customer/persecutors like David Vitter or Eliot Spitzer are “sex positive.” It doesn’t work that way.)

Pamela Paul's New "Studied" Column Reports on Scientific Findings -- This Week On Fidelity and Spousal Income Differences

Mon, 2010-10-04 11:14

Reporter Pamela Paul, The New York Times, who’s new column about various research articles is relegated to the “Fashion and Style” section, leads her latest article with the following two sentences.

Here’s a useful nugget for misogynists and man-haters alike: The more a man depends on his female partner’s paycheck, the better the chances he will cheat.

“Having multiple sex partners may be an attempt to compensate for feelings of inadequacy,” suggests a paper presented at the 105th annual meeting of the American Sociological Association in August.

She said it here.

It’s actually not a horrible article. She’s doing pretty good, non-knee-jerk-credulous reporting on a preliminary finding. And she points out that the reported variations seem to disappear when you factor in other elements. And then she also passes along the author’s caveat that the variations she detected aren’t that significant in the grand scheme of things since the baseline incidence of cheating is pretty small (~3.8% for men, 1.4% for women.)

-=

I might have stopped there with just that nice complement about good reporting. Which it is.

But if I’d also like to ask that bit from the original author who said “having multiple sex partners may be an attempt to compensate for feelings of inadequacy.”

It doesn’t sound like an actual conclusion drawn from data. Which would be fine. For instance if it turned out that multiple study subjects responded that, yes, they sought sex with multiple partners because they felt inadequate based on their partner’s greater earning ability.

Instead it sounds like a simple inversion of the common notion that men view having sex as affirmation of adequacy. Which one can instead be derived… possibly with no more justification… from late-night comedy one-liners.

$%!#

Cuckoldry Isn't Nearly as Common as Angry "I Poked Her So I Should Own Her" Crowd Passionately Wishes to Believe

Mon, 2010-06-21 11:27

Razib Khan of Discover Blogs says


An urban myth, often asserted with a wink & a nod in some circles, is that a very high proportion of children in Western countries are not raised by their biological father, and in fact are not aware that their putative biological father is not their real biological father. The numbers I see and hear vary, but 10% is a low bound.

Read the quote in context here.

Khan quotes another biologist, Marlene Zuk, on how enormous people imagine cuckoldry to be

When asked to estimate the frequency of misassigned paternity in the general population, most people hazard a guess of 10%, 20% or even 30%, with the last number coming from a class of biology undergraduates in a South Carolina university that I polled last year. I pointed out that this would mean that nearly 20 people in the class of 60-some students had lived their lives calling the wrong man Dad, at least biologically. They just nodded cynically, undaunted.

Khan continues (emphasis mine)

What are the real numbers? Zuck asserts that they’re more in the 1-5% range, with 3.7% being a high-bound figure for one study. This varies by culture and socioeconomic group, and the segment of the population being surveyed. Studies which rely on a data set consisting of men who have requested paternity tests are strongly sample biased toward those who have a reason to have suspicions. ... And yet even in the cases of men who have suspicions only a minority have misattributed paternity.

Got that? The high figures you hear cited, generally instigated by bitter divorced men and other “men’s rights” activists, and abetted by tabloid cable shows, are heavily inflated because paternity tests are sought mainly by men who are already suspicious. And yet, as Khan points out, even when men imagine cause for suspicion the suspicions are usually unfounded.

Twits vs. Substance on Rep. Mark Souder's Affair and Resignation

Wed, 2010-05-19 00:33

Jed Lewison of Daily Kos nicely summarizes the recently announced resignation of extremist “family values” Congressman Mark Souder. One key point? Turns out the “interviewer” in a campaign-related video on the importance of promoting abstinence and chastity was Souder’s non-marital parter.

As you know, I’m usually very harsh about the twits-vs-substance nature of these scandals, where in people enjoy the schadenfreude of a public scold’s downfall for canoodling while missing the larger point. And I’m feeling pretty harsh about this time too because the substantive problem is that Rep. Souder is, or at least was, a major leader and shaper of legislation aimed at preventing precisely the behavior he engaged in. And the nature of his role pretty much implies that he knew, understood, had access to, and a professional as well as personal interest in applying the most current and most effective abstinence-promoting, chastity-keeping, and fidelity-maintaining methods known. And yet knowing what he knew, and having access to what he had, it still didn’t work for him! And so presumably whatever it was he was promoting, and legislating, would almost certainly be even less likely to work for people with less knowledge and less support. You want a scandal? Well that’s the scandal!

One other thing, by the way. One that really does deserve singling out Souder for hypocrisy. Lewison says (emphasis mine)

GOP Rep. Mark Souder of Indiana — the leading advocate for abstinence education in Congress —  will resign after an affair with one of his female staffers became public.

He said it here.

If Souder had had even an ounce of the integrity he doesn’t just demand but also legislates for, he’d have resigned before his affair became public.

See also: Acronym Replacement: It’s Not IOKIYAR, It’s IJNNWACDI (It’s Just Not News When A Conservative Does It)

Interconnections: Women, Men, Infidelity, Morality, Betrayal, Dignity, "Manhood," Etc.

Sat, 2009-12-26 17:44

Summary: The way we construct gender and morality screws both women and men: women for failing to be bastions of virtue, men for having no virtue at all.

It’s a step in the right direction. The staff at Lemondrop.com conclude an article on hetero men’s reaction to their partner’s infidelity with a list of women celebrities who’ve had (publicly acknowledged) affairs.

That’s a good thing because the chronic meme has it that only men are unfaithful to their partners who, invariably are blameless women who wish only to mother children and also, I guess, wear crinolines and eat crustless cucumber sandwiches. Leaving the (cough)Rule #1(cough) question of who, then, they’re being unfaithful with.

Getting across the idea that women are really people, real people, instead of marble fixtures and magazine-cover decoration has to happen sooner or later.

It’s a step in the wrong direction too, though. The main focus of the Lemondrop post was about how men are way less forgiving of their partner’s infidelity than women are.

If I started quoting disappointing paragraphs from the article I might never stop. So go read it yourself.

Here’s one, though:

“Men can forgive themselves for their indiscretions but find it harder to forgive their partners for the same,” therapist Phillip Hodson explained to England’s Daily Mail. “For a betrayed woman, an affair is an offense against her dignity. For a betrayed man, it’s an offense against his manhood. It goes right to the core of his identity.”

They said it here.

Men can “forgive themselves?” Hello? Everybody can forgive themselves for stuff they want to do! From cookie jars to corporate corruption people practically have “just this once won’t hurt” tattooed on their foreheads, backwards, so they can feel reassured every time they look in the mirror.

Screw that.

And Hodson gets his attribution completely backwards. For a betrayed woman an affair is an invitation for everyone else on the planet to impugn her dignity. For a betrayed man an affair is an opportunity for everyone else to question his “manhood.”

Screw that too.

Circling back to my first point, affairs are supposed to be an affront to women’s dignity (as opposed to, say, a simple uprooting of her trust and sense of place in her relationship) because up on those pedestals women are supposed to be dispensing virtue, restraint, and other civilizing influences on the men and children in their lives. In that mindset men’s infidelity is “solvable” by even more virtue and more scolding. That plus, having vested all that corrective authority in women society is likely to stand behind her whether she stays with or separates from him.

Meanwhile, I guess the idea must be, if a woman is unfaithful to a man there really isn’t much corresponding social scripting. Outside of a few very conservative, very patriarchal and primarily religiously-focused subcultures there’s not much tradition of men correcting women’s morality. In fact there’s really not a lot at all men in particular or society in general is supposed to be able to do about a “fallen” woman. Instead in social terms the man who’s hoisted the wrong moral beacon up onto his particular pedestal has no option but to drop her and replace her with someone more reliably stalwart.

Thus the proscriptive “intolerable” clauses in the bogus Two Rules of Desire.

Another step in the right direction, by the way, might be the startling idea that no individual adult is responsible for the morality or the behavior of another, and that therefore no one adult is ever responsible, nor is their dignity or “manhood” injured by the actions of another.

(Note: that this concept of individual responsibility is perpetually overlooked by Bill Bennett, Newt Gingrich, and myriad other social conservatives is yet more evidence of the inconsistency of their positions.)

Call Cosmo: Alleged Tiger Woods "Mistress" Invents New Form of Slut-Shaming

Sun, 2009-12-06 16:44

Leaving aside the question of just how many alleged “mistresses” Tiger Woods allegedly has, had, or will have, Hortense of Jezebel turns up some… reverse slut shaming from one of the people who’ve come forward. (Emphasis mine.)

[Mindy] Lawton, meanwhile, has given a tell-all to the News of the World, spilling details of her sex life with Woods and stating about Woods’ wife, Elin, that “It must be awful for her to know her husband was going behind her back for sex with so many girls. She must feel very dirty knowing that when he was trying for a baby with her he was having sex with me. I guess she will be pretty devastated but in the time I knew Tiger I never got the impression that the marriage was happy.”

Read the quote in context here.

I’m not sure what Lawton’s point is supposed to be here. Is it sort of like the homophobia thing where some men freak out kissing a partner who’s ever given someone else a blowjob? Some kind of accusation of by-proxy promiscuity?

All I know is Lawton seems to be arguing that another person should feel shamed because she (allegedly) had sex with that person’s partner. Whereas, near as I can tell, Lawton herself doesn’t feel shamed that someone she had sex with was in turn also having sex with someone else.

I don’t think I’m missing something here. Your comments are particularly welcome on this one.

—-

Also, dear aunt petunia can we please come up with some other word for women who have relationships with partnered men than “mistress?” It’s the flipping 21st Century here.

Cheating and Natural Inclinations: It's Not What We Don't Know, It's What We May Force Ourselves to Do Because of What We Assume

Fri, 2009-12-04 16:22

Summary: Part two of a two part post. The consequences of confusing gender assumptions for established fact can result in drastic neglect that… in turn reinforce those gender assumptions.

Continuing in the theme of bad gender assumptions affecting research...

In comments about yesterday’s post about women as pumas, cougars, and cheetahs (oh my), Zeborah raised the concern that the description of “cheetah” behavior involves a woman the authors call “Dana” having sex with men too drunk to reject their advances is pretty much the description of a broad class of date rape. (See, for instance, how the story reads after translation through Regender.com.)

To which Tlt added a highly relevant question

Assuming that “Dana” isn’t a made-up composite of behaviors that Morgan disapproves of, she is, indeed a rapist. Only…wait….men are supposed to be happy to have had sex they didn’t/couldn’t consent to because sex is so exquisitely rare and under normal circumstances must be so dearly bought that they should just be glad to get ANY....right?

What a beautiful summary of the problem of confusing what we assume with dead certainty (about men in this case) based on stereotype with what we… don’t know very well at all based on hard data.

Hypothesis: Echidne mentions a study saying 25% of all married men report cheating while 15% of all married women do. There’s actually quite a bit of variation in percentages depending on studies but in almost all the variation in men who cheat vs. women who cheat is relatively close. I propose that most of the reported differences are the results of two errors, one procedural and one perceptual.

Procedurally I suspect it’s difficult to construct survey questions that accurately overcome pressure on men to overreport, and corresponding pressure on women to underreport. Secondly, though, based on Tlt’s point, some of the difference in actual affairs can be accounted for by men acting based on their own perceptions that they’re supposed to_ act, and women not acting when based on perceptions they’re not supposed to act.

With the result that the differences are even smaller than reported, and would be even smaller if people somehow (magically?) responded less to perceived social pressure. Discuss Research.

(Note: Sometimes I get gigged for appearing to claim people’s choices are somehow independent from social influence. I’m perfectly aware how improbably that would be. I am however, also aware that if the social assumptions and resulting narratives were altered then the pressure on people to act on them would sort of by-definition be relieved. Submitting to social pressure might be inevitable. Altering sources of social pressure, on the other hand, is entirely possible.)

Cheating and Natural Inclinations: It's Not What We Don't Know, It's What We Know That May Not Be True

Fri, 2009-12-04 15:47

Summary: Part one of a two-part post. Gender assumptions interfere with… and sometimes outright blind.. our understanding of heterosexual infidelity.

Echidne of the Snakes on an article about Tiger Woods and “why men cheat.” She points out that numerically speaking for heterosexual men to cheat there sort of have to be heterosexual women cheating too.

I guess the question of why people cheat isn’t as interesting as the question why men cheat, especially men who are rich and famous and can have as many girlfriends as they wish, right? That’s the hook in the story, my dear reader.

But the hook only works as long as those girlfriends are viewed in the abstract, in the way we’d discuss fast cars or expensive wines, the other kinds of things rich guys can have which poor guys only dream about. Women get objectified in that view, though, and if you step away from the objectification you end up with a story about why people cheat.

She said it here.

I think Echidne really nicely articulates the problem of gendered assumptions: it’s enough to know that men cheat because, the assumption goes, only men exercise sexual agency. Similarly it’s unnecessary ever to examine who exactly they might be cheating with. Or why.

The dominant paradigm has it all wrapped up. To explore further would only rock the boat.

Of course I think it’s always a great time to rock that particular boat.

Both of them, actually, since not only would it be a good idea to critically examine our assumptions about women’s agency (in cheating and otherwise) it’s not like our assumptions about men are exactly anchored in bedrock either. Discuss! Research!

This Ensign Not Exactly Flying Proudly

Wed, 2009-06-17 10:10

David M. Herszenhorn of NYT’s The Caucus reports that

Senator John Ensign, Republican of Nevada, on Tuesday admitted that he had an extramarital affair with a member of his campaign staff.

...

During college at Colorado State University, he became a born-again Christian and he and his wife, Darlene, were active in the Promise Keepers, an evangelical group.

Read the quote in context here.

For what its worth Sen. Ensign didn’t support Rick Santorum’s homophobic “Defense of Marriage” amendment to the constitution (which during the high tide of the Republican dominance of the government was the stick that beat so many otherwise progressive politicians like Sen. Clinton into voting for the under-the-circumstances less onerous, but still odious alternative, the Defense of Marriage Act.)

Update The NYT article was evidently mistaken… or maybe just not looking at the right time frame. In 2004 Ensign’s office issued a press release that said “protecting [marriage] is, in my mind, worth the extraordinary step of amending our constitution.” (Via ThinkProgress.)

Also for what it’s worth, during the so-called Monica Lewinsky scandal when Ensign was running against Sen. Harry Reid in 1998 David Rosenbaum, also from the New York Times, wrote

No one knows how the scandal involving President Clinton will affect the race. A Democratic poll this month showed that Mr. Clinton is seen in a worse light by voters here than he is nationally.

Mr. Ensign has called for the President to resign. But he does not bring up the matter unless he is asked, and he is rarely asked.

He said it here.

The good news? Ensign may be conservative but he appears to be fairly live and let live about people’s personal affairs… and, I guess, Affairs.

On the other hand he did call for President Clinton to resign over his peccadilloes and so, I suppose, if he was honest he’d resign from his office as well.

Nate Silver of FiveThirtyEight says

Remember, senators don’t have to govern, or to preside over any legislature. They don’t have any particular use for political capital, and other than their ability to be re-elected, they don’t have any particular reason to popular. That’s why Eliot Spitzer resigned and David Vitter (whom many Louisanans seem to have forgiven) didn’t. It’s why Roland Burris is still in the Senate.

He said it here.

Final thought though, goes to Matthew Yglesias, reflecting a few weeks ago on the different standards progressives and right-wing extremists are held to by constituents, peers, and the press, said

Logically speaking, since there’s only one of the two parties that puts a very high premium on the idea that state regulation of individual sexual behavior should be the main role of government, these allegations should be more damaging to Republicans. Hypocrisy on the part of the media is part of the story. But part of the issue, I think, is just partisan and ideological solidarity. A politician can survive a great deal if his co-partisans are willing to stand by him, and conservatives are much more inclined to stand by their man than are progressives.

He said it.

I too wish Ensign would either resign or else not resign but apologize instead for having sided so often with prigs in his party.

I’m not holding my breath for either.

See also Echidne who (half-seriously, she says) asks a serious question

Why does Senator Ensign need to apologize publicly for his affair but not for having belonged to Promise Keepers?

She said it here.

Good question, E.

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