public policy

More Evidence That Using Possession of Condoms as Probable Cause for of Sex Workers Is a Really Bad Idea

Mon, 2011-11-14 12:43

New York based sex-worker advocate Crystal DeBoise has a positively charming example of how anti-prostitution tactics produce results we'd... probably rather not have produced.

Last winter, “Sheila,” a sex worker in her early 20s, had just finished her counseling session with me at the Sex Workers Project, and was heading out the door. Sheila was seeking counseling from the Sex Workers Project to help her make a career change, but had no financial support and was still working in the sex industry. I gestured towards our colorful shoebox of condoms, lube and pamphlets about safe sex and reminded her to take whatever she needed. She looked at me as if I were suggesting she walk into the January snow barefoot and said, “Are you crazy? I’m not carrying those things around! You want me to get arrested or something?”

Sheila was referring to a situation in New York that permits the use of condoms as evidence of prostitution, resulting in their collection and confiscation from women who are detained by the police. This practice is an outright slap in the face to the decades of hard work that public health advocates have undertaken to increase safe sex, decrease HIV and create a positive shift in the cultural acceptance of condom use. This policy discourages a stigmatized and marginalized group of sexually active people from carrying the tools they need to be healthy and safe. And this occurs despite the fact that the New York City itself runs a free condom distribution program because “Using a condom every time you have anal, oral or vaginal sex protects you and your partners from getting HIV and other sexually transmitted diseases … and prevents unplanned pregnancies.”

Source: Feministe

I'm pretty sure you could find the random conservative fundamentalist, or cartoonishly stereotypical pimp, or neo-conservative "feminist," or trans-phobist, or heck, even gay basher who really, truely doesn't care that sex workers are discouraged from protecting themselves or their customers from illness or death by anti-condom police policies.  But I don't think you'd find very many.   Therefore I'm not sure what, exactly, the appeal of the we'll bust you if we catch you with condoms policy really is.

Ema of the Well-Planned Period Explains to XO Jane Editors Why Plan B is No More

Sun, 2011-10-16 21:13

Photo via Tumblr. Cached as a bandwidth-conserving courtesy
Image via Tumblr

Hormonal contraception expert Ema of The Well-Timed Period says the whiny "the stores are out of Plan B so I can't have sex" piece by the so-called Humor "Health Editor" at XO Jane has to be satire because... well... she's more generous than I'd be.

The upshot being that there's an exceedingly good reason why nobody can get Plan B anymore, in New York City or pretty much anywhere else once current supplies are gone.

Plan B isn't pining for the fjords, it's no more

Pharmacies are out of Plan B because Plan B has been discontinued by its manufacturer quite some time ago. So forget about Plan B and familiarize yourselves with the available emergency contraceptive pill (ECP) brands.

Source: The Well-Timed Period

Go read Ema's post for a nice, reassuringly long list of new and improved Emergency Contraceptives.

While there's been considerable back and forth about the "morality," sensibility, responsibility, and cost of using a $50-per-use method of contraception, Ema avoids all that and points out exactly why "morning after" type pills aren't a good idea:

ECP postcoital birth control is only to be used in an emergency for the simple reason that it's not as effective as the other available methods when used on a regular basis.

And then there's her bottom line:

Forget Plan B, remember Plan B One-Step, Nextime, Next Choice, Postinor, Postinor 1/Postinor2 Unidosis, and ella. Don't substitute ECP for regular birth control. And, last but not least, even in emergencies avoid attempts at satirical articles on birth control.

I love me that Ema-style expertise.

Comprehensive vs. Abstinence-Only Education in Terms Even Rick Perry Might Understand -- NRA Comparision Edition

Thu, 2011-08-18 10:01

Quick follow-up on my previous post: At roughly the 1-minute mark of the YouTube clip, above, check out Texas governor Rick Perry's literally catastrophically misplaced assumption about comprehensive sex education programs

"...if the point is, you know, we're going to stand here and say 'listen, y'all go and have sex' ..." NOOOOOOOOOO!!!!!!! That's just not what comprehensive sex education teaches! It's just not!

To put it in terms even Texan grandstanders might understand, it is not the position of the National Rifle Association to say "listen, y'all, go and shoot everybody you don't like..." And while I personally have almost zero interest in firearm possession or use (I'm a firm believer in firearm abstinence!) possibly the only point of agreement I have with NRA president Wayne LaPierre is that students who complete well-designed, comprehensive firearm education have far, far lower rates of firearm accidents and firearm misuse than do individuals who receive "abstinence-only" firearm education.

In each case, sex education and firearm education, substantial numbers of people later end up either having sex or using firearms. This appears to be as true of people who receive "abstinence-only" firearm and sex education as those who receive comprehensive educations. I'm... pretty sure even Perry understands that an educated gun owner is going to be a more responsible and all in all safer gun user than one who's been a) taught to be dead scared of guns and also b) has no fucking idea which end of the gun to hold, how to use a safety, how to safely load or unload a gun, how to carry, secure, or store a gun, and how to safely discharge one under a variety of circumstances. Right?

So.... what makes him think the result of comprehensive sex education would be any less... well... comprehensive?

Sweet mother of pearl!

Rick Perry Supports Egregiously Inefficient, Possibly Negative-Results Government Programs: Abstinence Only Education

Thu, 2011-08-18 09:49

NOOOOOOOO!!!!!

So the video above the question for Texas Governor Rick Perry was "Why does Texas continue with Abstinence Only education programs when they don't seem to be working. In fact I think we have the third highest teen pregnancy rate in the country."

It basically totally stumped him.

His first answer, couched in a perfect imitation of George W. Bush's sullen syntax and body language, was "well... abstinence works."

When pressed further he says, well, it would work if it was taught better. Or something.

When pressed still further, though, he stops, thinks for a really long time, and comes up with possibly the stupidest answer I think I've ever heard a nominally fiscal conservative propose.

He says look, we spent however many dollars testing all high-school athletes for steroid use and "We found what? Seven? Fifteen? And we spent X number of....? .... I'm saying if that was a good expenditure then I would suggest dollars we're spending on abstinence education is a good expenditure."

Um. Fuck you? It's a really stupid comparison because, however inefficient or scare-monger-y broad screening for steroid use might be, doing the screening almost certainly won't result in more steroid use: there's no way that such a screening program is likely to cause three, or five, or ten new steroid users for every one steroid user found.

On the other hand the problem with Abstinence Only education in the face of stubbornly high rates of unplanned, unwanted pregnancy, STI transmission, sexual coercion, and sexual and marital dysfunction not just among currently-enrolled teens but, more to the point, among adult graduates is that for every seven, or fifteen students one successfully impresses in to abstinence one evidently risks losing seventy, or fifteen hundred students and, later, adults for whom the message falls short.

And I'd just add that this falls particularly short in light of the fact that good comprehensive sex education also facilitates abstinence. For instance chances are extremely good that those same seven or fifteen students Perry waves to would be abstinent in any case! Whereas those for whom it doesn't work wouldn't have worse outcomes, as seems to consistently be the case for abstinence-only curricula.

The Patriarchy is a Co-Ed Enterprise, Nanny State vs. Nanny User Edition

Mon, 2011-05-23 12:11

Jill, reflecting on her work, which requires extended travel and thus extended hotel stays, has an interesting insight about class attitudes in America in the matter of protecting the safety of "menial" workers such as hotel housecleaners.  (Emphasis mine.)

I thought of all this while reading this op-ed in the New York Timestoday by a hotel housekeeping manager, about the risks these women take every day when they go into a room. And then I thought of the news segment I watched last night, about an Assemblyman from Queens who has proposed a law requiring hotels to provide housekeepers with "panic buttons" -- small electronic devices that a housekeeper can press to alert hotel security. The segment asked for the opinions of random New Yorkers, and most seemed to think it was a good idea -- except for the obviously wealthy woman in the posh neighborhood who thought it was "too much government interference" in people's private lives; too much "nanny state."

Source: Brilliant at Breakfast

Jill says the woman objects on the grounds that "ensuring worker safety is too much government interference into the 'private affairs' of giant hotel companies."  I'm skeptical because on the face of it she's probably perfectly happy to let the "nanny state" dictate who can and who can't sit on the steps of her building.

Instead I'm pretty sure her reflex isn't about a "nanny state" per se -- odds are extremely high that if one is wealthy in New York City one hires nannies, and if so she likely ferociously "regulated" her nanny's activities.

Instead what it's about is that she objects to the idea of being told how to regulate her own nannies. And doormen, and housekeepers, gardeners, dog walkers, and other menials who preform for her labor she would prefer to avoid.

Update: See also Felix Salmon

“"Why all the fuss? It's merely a bit of hanky-panky with the help," said Jean-François Kahn, the crusading editor of the Left-wing Marianne weekly. Jack Lang, a law don famous for having been François Mitterrand's high-profile, graffiti-loving, diversity-fostering Culture Minister, dismissed it all rather infelicitously as an "overblown" affair: "Really, nobody died in that hotel room." — Telegraph

You'll notice that I'm not the one presuming DSK guilty of assaulting the hotel employee before he's convicted.  You'll notice Felix Salmon isn't the one presuming it either.  It's actually his supporters who think he's guilty... because among the French upper crust, as among Americans and pretty much everyone else, droit du seigneur is just one of the perqs of power and authority!  I'm sure the woman Jill referred to would agree. 

(Even though, incidentally, the actual practice of droit du seigneur evidently never was a legal right of lords over peasants -- at least among cultures that would have used the term -- the attitude behind it remains alive and well: "commoners" exist for the convenience of their lords and masters.  That in this update it was upper-crust moderates and leftist making the claim makes it no less common an assumption.)

Finally, a Credible, No-Drama Economic Assessment of Prostitution in America Offers Nuanced Policy Recommendations

Thu, 2011-05-19 10:44

Via Em & Lo Jennifer Hafer, a PhD candidate at the University of Arkansas Walton School of Business working under the supervision of Prof. Amy Farmer, has done a non-gonzo, non-freakonomics analysis of women's entry into prostitution.

Contrary to assumptions that women enter the prostitution market only because they are desperate – that they need money to pay bills or buy drugs – the study indicates that many women, especially educated, affluent women, are making a rational decision to enter certain segments of the prostitution market. However, the research confirmed that women do not explicitly choose to enter the streetwalking segment of the prostitution market.

“Our model demonstrated that the prostitution market may be pulling educated women – these so-called ‘high-opportunity-cost’ women – out of the conventional labor market and the marriage market, in many cases,” said Jennifer Hafer, a doctoral student in the Graduate School of Business at the University of Arkansas. “The findings suggest that these women are not forced into the prostitution market but rather choose to enter it for many of the same reasons that people enter the conventional job market – money, stability, autonomy and even job satisfaction.”

Source: University of Arkansas Newswire

(Quick note: Obviously not all prostitutes are women, but since women are the subset Hafer chose to study that's what I'm going to talk about here.)

What I like about Hafer's work is that it just is what it is, an academic analysis of a poorly-understood category of work, minus all the eye-rolling, breathlessness, nervous chuckling, heart-of-golding, or you-go-girling that goes with too much other reporting on prostitution.

Another thing I like about her work is her entirely non-controversial division of prostitution into categories that conform to one traditional side's version of the story -- subsistence/street prostitution which people with other options would generally avoid, and the other traditional side's version -- work that is undertaken with greater or lesser degrees of enthusiasms but that is also undertaken voluntarily and optionally.

The problem with most conventional debates being that if you can't agree on your definitions then you can't have an argument.  And one of the problems with definition is that in most people's minds "prostitution" equals "street/subsistence prostitution."  That's significant because a) street/subsistence prostitutes are the most visible to passers by, b) they're the most-often depicted in pop-culture references, and c) as Hafer says, it's most often a job for people who'd rather be doing anything else (possibly but not necessarily including other, non-street prostitution.)

It's problematic because despite its visibility, and despite the fact that mainstream opponents frame that category of prostitution accounts for only about 15% of all prostitution.

The article ends with (gasp!) Hafer's discussion of intelligent policy implications.  (In my experience policy recommendations are fairly rare in research papers.  Intelligent ones even less so.)  There's something in it for everyone... or possibly something for everyone to object to depending on their prior assumptions:

Hafer discussed the findings’ potential impact on policy. Due to negative externalities, streetwalking should remain illegal with continued enforcement, she said. Based purely on the outcomes of the model, brothel prostitution should be legalized and regulated in expanded locations. Her policy attention to escort and Internet prostitution focused on regulation, such as licensing, health testing and possibly taxation, as a means to ensure safety and security for both the prostitute and the consumer. For the escort and Internet markets to be regulated, they must be legalized.

“The major question concerning policy is what is the overall goal?” Hafer said. “Is it better for society to make prostitution illegal in all circumstances? Legalize prostitution subject to regulation? If the demand for prostitution is present, there will always be supply.”

I think that's about right.  Street/subsistence prostitution is extraordinarily risky, and subject to incredible violence from pimps, traffickers, police, customers, passers by, and of course serial predators.  Whether it becomes legal or remains illegal it should still be vigorously policed and, to the extent possible, community organized.  I'm actually extremely wary of brothels.  I agree they should be legal but also think they should be heavily regulated in order to make sure first that they're not employing coerced or financially abused workers but also to make sure they're not the owner-friendly slut-shamed-employee hell holes they are in Nevada or Australia.  And middle and professional class prostitutes probably don't need to be regulated any more than any other sole-proprietor business or independent contractors are.

Finally, Hafer's final line seems like the key to a lot of the prostitution controversy.  As long as the demand is present supply will be present.  Since prostitution is by-definition transactional sex, and since transactional sex remains the dominant paradigm for all heterosexual sex, policing either prostitutes or customers only serves to increase the transaction cost... but leaves the transactional model completely intact.  It's my strong feeling that overturning the dominant paradigm would not only benefit all of heterosexuality in general, it would also reduce the role of prostitution, and the demand, to roughly the level of Arthur Murray dance instructors.

No Wonder We Have Nothing in Common: Anti-Abortion Activists Think Fetuses are People But Their Own Living Children Aren't

Tue, 2011-04-26 07:48

Robin Marty produces yet another demonstration of the complete lack of seriousness of the "pro-life" movement.  (Emphasis mine.)

I've read enough anti-choice literature now to know that if you are against abortion, at the moment of conception you now have a separate and unique individual.  That's how personhood works, and those are the words that doctors are expected to recite to you if you want to obtain an abortion in certain states.

But that only counts inside the clinic.  On the sidewalk, it's a different story, one clinic escort shares:

"Yesterday, the clinic had to call the police (again) because the protesters had (again) violated the terms of the injunction. There were four women on the sidewalk and together they had three kids in strollers. In my world, four plus three equals seven. When told they were violating the injunction, they argued that "four people" did not include children."

Source: RHRealityCheck.org

Oh, and speaking of failures to take "life begins at conception" seriously, I still haven't heard back from the smug "fetal harm" vigilanties and "fetal death" execution proponents about whether their draconian penalties intended to terrorize abortion providers would apply to those who harm fetuses via dispersal of pollutants, pesticides, or manufactured products that cause fetal defects and/or death.

I wasn't holding my breath, of course, because their opposition to abortion has nothing at all to do with concern either for fetuses or (as in the case of the clinic demonstrators who don't even see their own, born children ad people) considerations of personhood.

This is actually perfectly consistent once you get that their opposition to abortion is all about confining and controlling women: Since children are literally the "wages of sin" for that crowd, and since abortion in their eyes is a way for women to avoid their just deserts, thinking of their own children as people instead of punishment isn't really part of their frames of reference.

The mistake, I think, is believing them when they say they're "pro-life."  Their utter disregard for born children as human beings is one example.  A more telling one is their complete and utter indifference to miscarriage, spontaneous abortion, stillbirth, and so on, which generally only "stops a beating heart" of wanted children.

Two Million Stillbirths Worth Only Two and a Half Lines to "Pro-Life" Bloggers

Thu, 2011-04-21 03:25

So a bunch of clowns at something called "ProLifeBlogs" gives a whole two and a half lines, plus a link to another website, for a new report about stillbirth.

More than 2 million babies are stillborn every year worldwide and about half could be saved if their mothers had better medical care, according to research estimates published Thursday in the medical journal Lancet. ...

Source: "ProLifeBlogs"

Two and a half lines? Is this the best a "pro-life" organization can do?

Their blog's search feature turns up exactly four other posts about stillbirth, only a handful about miscarriage, none more recent than 2007. None are actually relevant to the millions of unanswered stillbirths every year, the tens of millions more unanswered miscarriages and spontaneous abortions, and... just all kinds of stuff about how "pro-life" those folks imagine they are.

There's only one way to measure whether someone's interest is authentically "pro-life" or if instead they just want to control women: what they do about stillbirth, miscarriage, and spontaneous abortion. If they don't do anything about it, but still call themselves "pro-life" they're liars.

You know why the pro-choice movement calls itself "pro-choice?" Do you know why it fights against forced abortion in places like China even as it fights for the right to choose to terminate an unplanned, unwanted pregnancy in the United States? Because it's not about forced pregnancy, and it's not about forced abortion (and it's sure as heck not about the "sanctity" of forced sex!) Instead it's about *choice!*

A stillbirth stops a *wanted* beating heart. A miscarriage almost always stops a wanted beating heart too. Miscarriage, spontaneous abortion, and stillbirth are almost as prevalent worldwide as induced abortion and yet "pro-life" organizations do, what? Nothing!

You know that old quip about the pro-life movement? "Caring about children from conception to birth but not a minute after?" That's not even true is it? Because they're doing exactly what? Sure, they're willing to gun down a doctor in his church or kitchen, willing to waive banners, splash blood, "ex-communicate" honest legislators, put out vaguely racist ads, to celebrate this imposition on a clinic, that imposition on women, the other "tough minded" choice to extend a rape victims nightmare from minutes to nine months.

But a minute later they're willing to... waive bye-bye to two million stillborn babies a year with a flipping two and a half line post?  Yeah, that's "pro-life" alright.

You know what will happen to the "pro-life" movement when the Supreme Court overturns Roe V. Wade? Every last one of them (those who don't turn their attention to outlawing condoms) will pack up their bags, say "that'll teach those hoors and floozies" and never again trouble their little brains with another thought about "unborn life."

Meanwhile? Two million unanswered stillbirths will still happen every year. Between tens and hundreds of millions of unanswered miscarriages and spontaneous abortions a year will still happen every year. Every one of them an "unborn life" that not a one of them ever has, or ever will care about.

Because really? If they did care then someone, somewhere in the "pro-life" movement would have already stepped up their game.

If you follow the link in that casually tossed-off post you know who it turns out helped fund that Lancet Stillbirth study? The Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation. You know who were still pro choice last time I looked? Bill and Melinda Gates. You know why they're putting time and money into this instead of a "pro-life" organization? Because unlike "pro-life" agitators they aren't just into this to punish women. They're not into this "pro-life" business to use fetuses to smack women back into line. Unlike some people. They're into it because they believe that if you make the choice to have a baby, as most people actually do, then we should all do everything we can to support that choice. Just as we should support every reproductive choice.

Instead of la-dee-daing two million stillbirths into oblivion with a miserly two and a half lines. No surprise though. That's is about what one ever expects from a bunch of lazy, immoral, unethical, inconsiderate, and hateful liars.

Update: My mistake!  A bit more research suggests that "pro-life" organizations have been agitating to... send "birth" certificates to grieving parents after stillbirth.  Because, after a hard day of defunding prenatal-care providers and imposing capricious restrictions on women's healthcare decisions what else could one possibly do about stillbirth?

Emily Nagoski on Good News and Bad News From the Recent “Title IX and sexual assault: changing the paradigm" Conference

Tue, 2011-04-12 21:30

Emily Nagoski says

I’m at a conference hosted by the federal government called “Title IX and sexual assault: changing the paradigm.” As a faculty member from the Harvard Law School mentioned at lunch, it’s remarkable that the federal government is even using the idea of “changing the paradigm.”

What’s striking to me is that their “new paradigm” is the paradigm in which I was trained in during my original training as a prevention educator and crisis hotline volunteer. In 1996.

New?

It’s stuff like:

  • Most rapes involve two people who know each other “acquaintance rape,” not a stranger
  • Rape is not a “miscommunication” or an accident
  • Women aren’t to blame for their assault

Well, it’s the difference between the prevention/counseling/crisis response side and the law enforcement/legal side.

Source: Sex Nerd

I'd just add that while she may have had training for it in 1996 counselors were already using some version of those bullet points back in the 1980s.

Later on she mentions that the feds are still up to their asses in the notion that all sexual assaults are male on female. Not that they don't acknowledge that men are assaulted, that men assault other men, that women commit assault on women or men, that trans people can be assailants and survivors, etc. But since it's not part of their mental model they still don't sound very prepared to cope.

I think part of the problem for them might be statistical. For disgraceful but historical reasons national crime-reporting standards are very specific about what is and isn't rape, and who can and who can't commit it, etc. So a lot of the violent events people call a crisis hotline, a hospital, or 911 to report are events the feds are still legally obliged to be biased against.

So the good news is that prevention, counseling, crisis responders, and even some emergency rooms and police departments are on the ball.  Some more good news is that at the national level law enforcement is beginning to catch up. The bad news is they still have a long way to go.

Ever Notice How Much the Anti-Abortion Debate Relies on Racial, and Often Racist Stereotypes?

Wed, 2011-03-02 17:45

Photo via Sociological Images. Cached as a bandwidth-conserving courtesy
Photo via Sociological Images.

So when I saw the billboard model anti-choicers picked for their “most dangerous place for an African American is in the womb” anti-abortion campaign -- a late-elementary school girl in a light top with a wary, kind of stunned look on her face -- it really bothered me but I couldn't quite put my finger on it.  She seems pretty old for their usual cutesy baby poster-child pics.

Amanda Marcotte gave me the clue I was looking for.

Sean Hannity, yelling at Juan Williams for suggesting it’s a good thing if women can choose when they give birth: “I’m pro-choice in this sense, Juan.  If you choose to get in the back of the car with someone, if you choose to make out with them, if you choose to grab, grope and fondle, if you choose to take one article of clothing off after another, guess what? You made a series of choices, Juan.”

What I enjoyed was the realization that Hannity thinks people stop fucking when they get old enough to have apartments of their own, and don’t have to make out in the back seats of cars.  Is this a widespread assumption on the right?

Source: Pandagon

I thinks she's exactly right.  Adult women pretty much don’t have sex in cars.  For one thing, last I checked you pretty much can’t have sex in a car.  Unless it’s sex in a mini-van (not that uncommon but not what Hannity is imagining) or... sex in back of the kind of large “pimp-mobile” American sedans I suspect he is imagining.

That’s what Hannity thinks abortion is all about: teen pregnancy.  Early teen pregnancy.  At the hands, no doubt, of “big black studs” driving around in welfare Cadillacs.  Who thanks to Planned Parenthood's enabling are able to, like, totally get away without paying "the wages of sin."

This African American pimp/teen-whore stereotype is a total fixation for ‘wingers.  It’s no coincidence that Lila Rose got actors to pretend to be pimps for her failed video sting of Planned Parenthood.  Same, of course, with James O’Keefe’s sting against ACORN.  (Even when they used white actors, as when O'Keefe himself pretended to be a pimp, their attire and demeanor was straight out of 1970s-style urban-black exploitation iconography.)

I’d just add that the right almost has to demonize stereotypes of very young African American girls and older, underworld partners because the alternative is confronting the majority of women who actually do get abortions.  Because the reaction when a lower-middle-class working or college-bound woman in her late teens or early 20s gets an abortion, or a married woman who doesn’t want any more kids gets an abortion, or an even older married woman who's amniocentesis or ultrasound reveals profound disabilities the reaction is a lot less, um, viscerally satisfying.  Instead, when it comes to their own daughters, friends, sisters, mothers, and wives it tends to be almost... sympathetic.

Don't get me wrong.  They could debate the issue on its actual merits.  Hard to imagine it ever occurring to them.

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