social assumptions

I'm Pretty Sure Legal Sex Work is Safer Than Illegal Sex Work -- There Should be Fairly Simple Ways to Find Out

Thu, 2012-02-02 17:13

An interesting exchange posted at Sex Worker Problems raises what seems like an imminently testable research question into whether or not sex-work legalization increases or decreases worker safety. First, here's the post

Anonymous asked

I am a dancer. Yes, though I may face social stigma as well, my cash flow is at least legal, so I couldn't even imagine the terror of possibly facing legal issues to earn my income. Out of curiosity... is the issue of illegality daunting/frustrating/scary? --- Much love and respect. This blog is amazing.

Thank you so much! The issue of illegality IS really daunting and scary. There are of course all kinds of resources for sex workers to do their best to screen clients, but yeah, the likelihood that a cop or a serial killer might be the next person you meet is… well it’s not high, really, but it’s much higher than it is in a lot of other occupations.

Source: Sex Worker Problems

And now here's the research question. Two questions, really.  Ok, actually maybe a whole series.

First, what are the assault, robbery, on the job harassment, and law-enforcement-action rates against dancers vs. otherwise comparable non-dance customer-contact employees (wait staff, bartenders, greeters, etc.) in "strip clubs?"

Next, what are the assault, robbery, harassment, and law-enforcement-action rates against dancers vs. otherwise comparable non-dance customer-contact employees in non-"stripper" bars and nightclubs?

In both these cases, above, both indicated professions are legal.  (The comparisons would be even more informative if data could also be gathered in areas where dancing is not legal.)

Next question, slightly further afield:

What are the assault, robbery, harassment, and law-enforcement-action rates against "escort" sex workers vs. otherwise comparable non-dance customer-contact workers who work in similar circumstances (e.g. massage therapists, housecleaners, or even legal "strip-o-gram" delivery persons.)

Offhand my guess would be that in all cases where both sets of professions are legal rates will be fairly similar.  My further guess would be that in all cases where one set of professions is legal but the other is not, workers in the non-legal arena are subject to considerably greater jeopardy.

I'm... pretty sure the results would not be prediction-defying.  It's also entirely possible that the research has already been done.

Still, considering the rather incessant drumbeat about the relative perils of legalized vs. non-legal sex work it would be nice to have some solid data to base actual policy on.

Very Cool Clarification of Sexual Harassment vs. Sexual Assault by E.J. Graff

Wed, 2011-11-09 12:16

You probably already know that an individual implying that if you want a job you've got to "work for it" while pushing your head towards his groin is sexual assault rather than sexual harassment.

What you might not know is just how despite sorta-similar labels the transgressions themselves are very different.  E.J. Graff has the scoop. (I've rearranged for clarity.)

A number of observers, including the Prospect's Pema Levy, noted that this appears to go beyond sexual harassment to sexual assault. Beyond? What do people think sexual harassment is? It often involves sexual assault.

These are different terms and different framing for what's often the same action.  Let's be clear, both about the distinction and the overlap between the crime of sexual assault and the civil-rights violation of sexual harassment.

But the difference is:

  • One is an criminal accusation against an individual while
  • the other is a civil allegation against an employer.

 

  • An individual can be arrested, indicted, and prosecuted under criminal law for sexual assault.
  • An employer can be sued for sexual harassment if one of its employees uses his (or occasionally, her) supervisory authority to threaten, corner, grope, grab, and assault those he supervised.

 

  • sexual assault is a crime committed by an individual;
  • sexual harassment implicates the employer for the failure to offer male and female employees an equal chance at earning their paychecks.

 

  • Sexual assault is illegal under every state's statutes and is almost always prosecuted by a district attorney.
  • Sexual harassment is a charge filed with the Equal Employment Opportunity Commission (EEOC)—remember, it's an employment problem—and brought into federal court by private lawyers (occasionally, but very rarely, the EEOC wil join in the case).

Source: TAPPED

There's more if you follow the link.  And Graff, who's reported extensively on sexual harassment in the workplace (the only place it can happen, remember) does a very good job explaining why people suggest Presidential candidate Herman Cain may have been pressured to resign his job as head of the National Restaurant Association.  And explaining that if he was then it would have been related to an alleged pattern of harassment rather than one specific instance of alleged assault.  But I digress...

Mostly I just wanted to point out the clearest description of the difference I've heard yet.  And to point out that folks in the press and elsewhere who keep suggesting that sexual assault is just a "bold sexual advance" ...just a difference of degree... from sexual harassment need to stop.

Em & Lo on Rejecting Romantic Overtures: It's a Lot Easier to Be Polite About it if You've Ever Reversed Roles

Sat, 2010-12-18 09:57

As usual these days I'm decades behind in my reading.  But just in case you haven't seen it, or perhaps have forgotten it, I just want to give a big shout to Em & Lo for their December 2 post about how to politely reject overtures.  What's golden is the perspective (and advocacy) they bring to it for hetero men and women.

A note to straight guys: You are less frequently hit on, and thus you have less practice at rejecting an unwelcome pick-up. Which means you’re frequently awkward and weird about it. But women especially need to be encouraged in their attempts at seduction — if only because you guys are constantly complaining that they don’t make the first move often enough! Don’t go along with a hook-up just to avoid hurting her feelings, but don’t treat her like a desperate Donna either. She’s not desperate for hitting on you (who made off with your self-esteem, anyway?), she just knows what she wants and goes after it when she wants it. And ladies, don’t take it personally if he blows you off rudely; he’s just had less practice than you.

A note to the straight gals: You are less frequently the picker-upper, and thus you’re less familiar with the sting of rejection. (Which is why all of you should attempt at least one pick-up to experience it first-hand, in the same way we should all wait tables at least once in order to empathize with servers the world over.) Approaching a stranger in a bar takes more bravery than root canal surgery or listening to a Celine Dion album in its entirety. So be gentle, ladies. And guys, don’t take it personally if she blows you off rudely; she’s just heard a lot of dirty catcalls and cheesy pickup lines in her time and is used to putting up walls.

Source: Em & Lo

It's true -- once you've been part of a pickup situation where the traditional gender roles are reversed you get not only a ton of perspective but also a great deal of sympathy.

Also it's just a darn good idea to kick to the curb most of the assumptions underlying the he asks / she answers tradition of dating.  They were really nasty assumptions back when we could assume that nearly any man had more economic and social power than nearly any woman.  And while it's 100% true that we don't yet have real gender parity it's also 100% true that the difference is small enough that the nasty logic of tradition no longer holds.

Knee Squeezing Twits and the Worst Thing Anyone Seems to Be Able to Say About John Boehner

Thu, 2010-12-16 00:24

Photo by Flickr user uvw916a. Cached as a bandwidth-conserving courtesy
Photo by Flickr user uvw916a. Used under a Creative Commons license.

Anyone mind if I call for a big lozenge of Preparation H for all the morons who are making a big deal out of the fact that incoming Republic Speaker of the House John Boehner appears to cry easily?

It's not that Gail Collens isn't right to pause to consider what the reaction would have been had outgoing Democratic Speaker of the House Nancy Pelosi had cried at all, ever.  She's 100% right -- Pelosi would have been (even further) crucified.  But that's not the point.

It's not that, as some kind of sensitive new-age guy I don't see what the problem is when a man cries.  I actually don't see what the problem is.  But that's not the point either.

It's not that, as a student of men's history I'm aware that Alexander the Great -- no sensitive new-age guy he -- is said to have cried when he learned he had no more worlds to conquer. Nor that other well-regarded men from Homer's Achilles to General Patton to football jock Bret Favre shed tears of joy, sorrow, bitterness, and rage.  All perfectly true but again so what?

Instead it's that Boehner personifies nearly every single thing that's wrong with America, American politics, and American crony capitalism and that he unashamedly and enthusiastically intends to make not almost everything but in fact everything that's wrong with America worse. And the most important thing any of the knee-squeezing twits of the left, the right, the mainstream media, or the blogosphere can think to dwell on is his tendency to cry when he gets emotional?

Seriously?  That's it?  Crying?

Sweet mother of pearl!

Assumptions About the Pope's Word Choices When He Spoke of Prostitutes and Condom Use

Sun, 2010-11-21 14:41

Image from Bioetica blog - Cached as a bandwidth-conserving courtesy
Image from Italian website Bioetica.
Original source unknown.

Geoffrey K. Pullum of Language Log dispenses with one evident miscommunication… but raises another. First, the big news policy-wise.

The Pope has changed his mind about condoms: they can be used after all!

That’s what the world’s media has decided to splash over the front pages this weekend. (“Pope Benedict’s condom U-turn” said the headline over Andrew Brown’s blog piece at The Guardian.) They are being scandalously irresponsible as usual: the Pope has said nothing of the kind. Rather, he grudgingly acknowledged, in one answer during a book-length interview, that perhaps in some cases perhaps the use of a condom by a prostitute (una prostituta) might be “a first step toward a moralization… Absolutely no sign of a Catholic Church volte face on contraception there.

Source: Language Log

Pullum points out that the issue appears to be a mistranslation of gender in the term “una prostituta” in Vatican’s official Italian-language edition. The Pope, however, is a native speaker of German, as was his interviewer, and there’s considerable evidence that he was talking about condom use for male prostitutes. The Italian version strongly suggests he meant prostitutes who are women. Thus the misunderstanding that the Church might somehow be moderating its opposition to contraception. No such luck there.

But if the ambiguous gendering of una prostituta has been reduced to a problem of mistranslation. Or possibly a problem of euphemism if, say, some of the target languages are culturally less tolerant and/or more prim about the possibility of male prostitution, Pullum introduces another language speed bump when he says (emphasis mine)

[S]ome of the odd things about the foggy passage just quoted might be relevant to my linguistic puzzle. One is the fact that using a condom generally means putting one on one’s own penis, and if that is to count as an assumption of responsibility, Pope Benedict must be envisaging an infected male prostitute whose service consists of active penetration and ejaculation of a passively participating client. I know very little about the world of prostitution, but it is my understanding that it is much more typical for it to be the other way round, in which case the prostitute would not be using the condom, but asking the client to use it, and the motivation would be the selfish one of protecting the prostitute’s own health, hence not an assumption of responsibility at all.

In which case, as Language Log commenters such as John, Aaron Toivo,and other have hinted, we can still delve into the function of the word “use” in “the prostitute would not be using the condom, but asking the client to use it.”

I am so not a linguist, nor do I claim competency with language tools. And I don’t think Google page counts qualify as reliable for statistical purposes. That said, a quick check suggests “he used a condom,” “we used a condom,” and “she used a condom” are all used with some frequency.

Also, considering that just as it wouldn’t be unusual for a restaurateur to say “I used plastic wrap to cover the customer’s leftovers” it wouldn’t seem unusual for a prostitute to say he or she uses a condom to cover a customer’s penis. Thus while getting a condom on to a customer may be a problematic element for at least some sex workers, it’s not necessary to say “receptive sex workers don’t use condoms, their customers do.”

There are other instances where receptive partners are presumed to be condom users but the most glaring would probably be the controversial ordinance in New York Washington, D.C., that allows police to detain a woman on suspicion of prostitution if she has more than a certain number of condoms in her purse.

Final note: if I was a linguist I’d probably write a post about how the assumption that being the penetrating partner makes one the active agent conditions the way we employ the word “use” in “the prostitute would not be using the condom, but asking the client to use it.”

-=

p.s. you learn something new every day at Language Log, and in this case the commenters really came through. Even though I’ve been a fairly active sex blogger for years I hadn’t known that more same-sex customers seek penetration than seek to penetrate. Several commenters, including at least one former male sex-worker, set the record straight. Knowing that makes sense of a number of differences in rates of condom acceptance between those who are straight and those who are not.

Does Branson, MO, Charles Murray's Emblem of America's Heartland, Have as Many Swingers as San Francisco or Greenwich Village?

Mon, 2010-10-25 13:22

Unmodified partial screenshot of Branson, Missouri, tourist website
Screenshot of the first website Google turned up for the keyword “Branson, MO.” No comment on the town slogan or it’s interest in attracting “groups.”

So effete conservative snob Charles Murray (he of the Reagan-era anti-welfare tome Losing Ground) talked the equally snobby conservatives at the Washington Post into letting him snub a few liberal elites on the op-ed page last week. It begins…

The tea party appears to be of one mind on at least one thing: America has been taken over by a New Elite.

“On one side, we have the elites,” Fox News host Glenn Beck explained last month, “and the other side, we have the regular people.” The elites are “no longer in touch with what the country is really thinking,” Nevada Senate candidate Sharron Angle complained this summer. And when Delaware Senate candidate Christine O’Donnell recently began a campaign ad by saying, “I didn’t go to Yale,” she could be confident that her supporters would approve.

All this has made the New Elite distinctly touchy (see Maureen Dowd’s “Making Ignorance Chic”), dismissive (see Jacob Weisberg’s “Elitist Nonsense”) and defensive (see Anne Applebaum’s “The Rise of the ‘Ordinary’ Elite”).

“Elite?” they seem to be saying. “Who? Us?”

Source: Charles Murray in The Washington Post

He continues with cliché “you say potato, I say potato“ comparisons until reaching this exciting conclusion.

They take interesting vacations and can tell you all about a great backpacking spot in the Sierra Nevada or an exquisite B&B overlooking Boothbay Harbor, but they wouldn’t be caught dead in an RV or on a cruise ship (unless it was a small one going to the Galapagos). They have never heard of Branson, Mo.

I probably wouldn’t have picked Branson as emblematic of lowbrow Americana but Murray does. Therefore I’m going to use Branson as the example in the rest of this post.

Jeana Jorgensen of My Sex Professor went to a lecture by relationship sociologist Curtis R. Bergstrand at the Kinsey Institute. She brought back the following demographic data on swingers in America.

Bergstrand administered an online survey in 1999, with just over 1,000 participants, including questions from the General Social Survey such that many of the swingers’ answers could be compared to those of the general population.

During the course of the lecture, Bergstrand only had time to give us a partial glimpse of his data, but we learned that the swingers in his study are:

  • Around 40 years old on average (respondents ranged from 22-82 years old)
  • A wide range of occupations (some doctors and lawyers, but the bulk are miscellaneous blue collar workers)
  • Semi-educated
  • 90% white
  • Primarily Democrat (but on a liberal-conservative spectrum, tended toward the center)
  • Psychologically normal (lacking pathological traits, as has sometimes been assumed of people who veer outside monogamous normalcy)
  • Happier and more excited in their marriages than non-swingers
  • At least as devoted to their families are non-swingers

Bergstrand concluded that swinging seems to enhance strong marriages, but has negative effects on weak ones (this trend is anecdotally corroborated by people in the swinging and polyamory communities).

Source: Jeana Jorgensen of My Sex Professor

That sounds about right. It also happens to sound about like the non-elites Murray valorizes in his op-ed.

There’s a pervasive belief (among both left and right) that sexual “liberation” is and always has been limited to the elite, the effete, the overeducated, or either coast. Instead it’s as likely to occur in Charles Murray’s heart-of-America fantasy Branson, MO (which I’d imagine he’s never visited) as Berkeley, Boston, or Greenwich Village.

Aside: The following data points are totally non-scientific and they use non-orthogonal criteria* but

  • Data point #1: a small amount of tweaking still turned up at least 60 male and female OKCupid users within 25 miles of Branson who match the looking for “casual sex” or it’s loose affiliate “activity partners” who’ve been online at least once in the last year.
  • Data Point #2: according to numerous sources the population of Branson is… 6,000 people. Which isn’t the same as all the people within 25 miles. But I’m just sayin’

Anyway, I think the real takeaway from both Bergstrand’s presentation and Jorgensen’s post is the part where swinging per-se isn’t an indicator of either strong or weak relationships.

* But then I don’t recall sloppy methodology ever particularly bothered Murray in his own work.

Why Research How Older People Have Sex? Because Not All Sex Happens on College Campuses

Mon, 2010-10-25 09:54

Holly Moyseenko Kossover of My Sex Professor has some very welcome news. (Emphasis mine.)

A friend of mine recently pointed an interesting article in Newsweek about another benefit of aging. No, not discounted coffee at McDonald’s (I prefer the stuff that I make at home anyway) – but better sex!

Just when I think I’m living in a culture possibly a little too obsessed with youth, articles like this remind me that getting older definitely brings its own benefits. I’m all about aging gracefully (trying to stay healthy, washing my face every thing) but there are aspects of aging that seem to at least somewhat dance across the minds of even my most zen friends. However, articles that boast how sexy Helen Mirren looks are a nice reassurance (and damn, she is a gorgeous woman – at my age I’d be pleased to look how she does now).

The article points out that studying sexuality in older populations is still relatively new. Why is that? Did we just believe that after a certain age, there is no sex? Sure, the way someone engages in sex may change, but they can still be an extremely sexual individual and enjoy a healthy and fun sex life.

Source: Holly Moyseenko Kossover of My Sex Professor.

Considering how very thoroughly studied sex before, say, age 25 it’s important to understand how older people have sex not just because it’s somehow “fair” but because so much of what we assume to be just plain universal and true about all humans derives from ages when we’re just barely getting basic adulthood under our belts. As it were.

Those studies that have been done suggest, over and over, that a lot of assumptions about immutability — girl’s reticence, boy’s impetuousness for instance — not to mention assumptions about orientation “fluidity” or lack thereof seem to fade as early as the early thirties.

Anyway, it’s not just a case of “but older people have sex too.” That’s rather a foregone conclusion. We just don’t know enough about how everybody has sex to draw very well-informed conclusions about human behavior — sexual or otherwise! I mean, yeah, the light’s better under the street light of college campus-based academic researchers. But, metaphorically speaking anyway, there’s a heck of a lot more sex happening in the dark.

Incidentally, Director Sue Bell's 2004 Sleeper "School for Seduction" Was Awesome

Thu, 2010-10-21 22:53

Still laid low with a cold. As I mentioned yesterday when I’m sick I’m fond of watching what-the-heck movies I might not otherwise bother watching and movies I’m not sure anyone else would bother with either.

Last night I what-the-heck’d it with a cheesy-looking movie called School for Seduction (Ws)

Here’s the movie blurb, via Amazon.com:

When gorgeous Italian temptress Sophia Rosselini’s (Kelly Brook) School for Seduction arrives in Newcastle, four friends—each hoping to release their inner sex goddess—sign up for an education in the ‘seductive arts.’ Taking their cue from sultry Sophia, the newly confident women unleash themselves upon their unsuspecting partners with lustful abandon—winding up in some unexpected and hilarious situations!

Pretty… generic sounding, eh? Perfect B-movie… maybe even c-movie fare. Just the thing to watch when you don’t care if you fall asleep in the middle of.

Turns out that description is perfectly true… and also 100% unhelpful. A slightly more descriptive but also unhelpful description comes from Amazon member Therese Van Arsdale

This is a wonderful little find of a movie. A mysterious women arrives and a group of ordinary, overworked women decide to undertake her course in seduction Italian style. But this is more than a film about how to stand in high heels, like The Full Monty, School for Seduction is at its heart about worth and how one values oneself whether at home or at work.

Trying to be equally less helpful I thought it was a wonderful movie in the recent insightful, inventive, complex British tradition that includes The Full Monty or Billy Elliot. Only this one’s more complex, more humorous, and way better at rolling comfortably along with near-parody stereotypes and then poking you good-naturedly but sharply in the ribs for forgetting that stereotypes never fit actual individual human beings.

I feel kind of like a bum for saying absolutely nothing else about the movie: a woman leaves her Italian husband, comes to a working-class city in England, opens a “how to construct yourself as an elegantly-seductive woman,” and enrolls a number of awkward working-class types (including the mandatory transvestite), only nothing goes quite as expected.

I really can’t say anything else about it because the last thirty minutes or so are so completely and pleasantly unexpected. But you can watch instantly or order School for Seduction from Netflix or buy it for about six bucks from Amazon and see for yourself.

Actually, I guess I could say that it’s surprising that such a well-made, well-written movie would be the only film writer and director Sue Bell appears to have worked on.

Anyone else ever seen it? Did you like it? Even though I wasn’t feeling well I’m pretty sure I wasn’t hallucinating that it was a good movie.

Knowing That There are Rules for BDSM, as There are Rules for Football, Makes All the Difference

Mon, 2010-10-04 11:27


Photo by Flickr user kenyee. Used under a Creative Commons license, some rights reserved.

BDSM activist Clarisse Thorn usually blogs at Pro-Sex Outreach, Open-Minded Feminism. This morning she has a pretty important guest post at Feministe about the tricky intersection between BDSM and abusive relationships.

BDSM is a tricky space, not least because it’s extraordinarily poorly understood. (Example joke from my adolescence “‘Beat me, beat me, please’ said the masochist; ‘no’ said the sadist.”) And also because, like the egregious opinion that raping a prostitute is merely theft of service, there’s the equally false assumption that BDSM fundamentally is abuse.

While I think it’s really important that you go read her whole piece, which includes an intelligent analysis of both the heightened awareness and intolerance of abuse in BDSM communities and the conflicting pressure to minimize what abuse does occur, I’d like to make sure everyone gets a look at a checklist she presents that I think strongly distinguishes one from the other.

One workshop — “The Emotional Aspects of BDSM Play”, taught by San Francisco’s EduKink — gave a detailed list of ideas for how to tell BDSM from abuse, which I wrote down:

1) Consent. BDSM is consenting; abuse is not.

a) Assuming consent was given — was it informed consent? Did everyone know what they were consenting to?

b) Was consent coerced or seduced from the partner? Did everyone feel like they could say no if they wanted? Was anyone worried about suffering negative consequences if they said no?

2) Intent. A BDSM partner intends to have a mutually enjoyable encounter; an abusive partner does not.

a) Did everyone leave the scene feeling somewhat satisfied?

3) Damage. A BDSM partner tries to minimize the actual damage inflicted by their actions; an abusive partner does not.

a) Did the two partners learn what they were doing before they did it? Did they learn how to perform their activities safely?

b) Were the partners aware of the potential risks of their activities?

4) Secrecy. Abuse often happens in secret. This is the hardest one on this checklist, because — due to the fact that BDSM is a very marginalized, misunderstood sexuality — BDSM often happens in secret, too. But this is one of the benefits of having an entire subculture that deals with BDSM: we try to look out for each other.

a) Were the two partners involved in the local BDSM scene? Did they get advice from knowledgeable, understanding BDSM people during rough patches in their relationship?

Read the rest of her post here.

Growing up in a physically active but decidedly non-sports-oriented family I didn’t really distinguish football from mob violence until my 20s, when an environmental activist roommate who’d played ball in college sat down and explained the rules. Including the rules of physical contact, which otherwise seemed to me indistinguishable from the “rules” of criminal assault and battery that ought to bring criminal charges.

As Thorn makes clear, BDSM has similar rules that, when observed by all parties, makes it too distinguishable from criminal assault and battery.

Rules, incidentally, that, as in football (or hockey, wrestling, boxing, or even something like poker) when breached really can and should lead to criminal charges.

But, like any other form of consensual recreation, otherwise shouldn’t.

Rachel Maines on the Origin of Vibrators, the Treatment of Hysteria Through the Ages, and Doctors as Sex Workers

Mon, 2010-09-20 13:21

Yes, I’m indulging in total juvenile humor here but I love it that the name of the doctor who shocked a gathering of 19th-Century French physicians by suggesting that their treatment of women patients for hysteria amounted to giving them orgasms is pronounced “ah juice.”

The video is a Big Think interview with Rachel Maines, who in the process of researching the origins of domestic electrical appliances accidentally stumbled into the study first of vibrators (introduced after electric fans, teakettles, and toasters but before vacuum cleaners and the electric iron) and then the 2,000 year history of the clinical treatment of “hysteria.”

Maines’ book (and her testimony of medical archives in the video) are one of the big foundations for my contention that inside the dominant paradigm men perceive women not as the “sex class” of classic feminist theory but as the “no-sex” class. (Because, seriously, 2,000 years of physicians making up to 60% of their income helping women have “hysterical paroxysms” by massaging their vulvas, all the while denying what they were doing had anything to do with sex at all!)

And as I’ve said elsewhere as clarified by Maines, the role of physicians throughout literally all but the last 80 years of Western Civilization also calls into question assumptions we make about sex-work as an inevitably status-lowering job.

In other words I think she’s pretty indispensable.

(Via Svutlana)

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