teen pregnancy

Julie Sunday on Teen Sexuality, Teen Pregnancy, and Access to Birth Control: The Titanic as Metaphor

Sex educator Julie Sunday offers the following pithy summary of an analysis by Professors Kathrin Stanger-Hall and David Hall of state sex-education policies and rates of teen pregnancy and birth.

Sex education matters, yes, but access to services is more important. Teens do not have sex for the purpose of avoiding pregnancy--they have sex because sex is fun. If adults and policymakers want teenagers to use birth control, they will--but we have to teach them how to use it and help them figure out how to get it instead of erecting [heh] insurmountable barriers to keep them from avoiding pregnancy and spreading STIs.

Teen sexuality is like the Titanic--the ship is definitely going down. We can either play music and pretend we're not sinking or provide life jackets and get the people off the ship already. Considering that the House's recent budget proposal included renewed funding for the terrible, horrible, no good very bad Community Based Abstinence Education program (Read: federal government gives money to religious organizations to provide "education" in public schools and make cheesy PSAs), this country is still letting the ship sink without enough lifeboats for everyone.

Source: How to Have Sex in Texas

It's an interesting, sort of back-handed twist on the Titanic metaphor but I think that's about right.  The idea, incidentally, isn't to make birth control and sex safety materials available so that teenagers (or anyone else) will have sex, it's so that those materials will be available if or when they do.


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Not Quite Red State vs. Blue But Close: Teen Pregnancy Rates State by State

According to the Kaiser Family Trust's State Health Facts site, New Hampshire has only ("only?") 19.8 pregnancies per 1000 teens per year. Mississippi, meanwhile, has 65.7 per 1000.

Raw numbers like these are often complicated. And sometimes fairly finger-pointingly biased against teenagers themselves. And yeah, the bluer states do tend to have not just more responsible, better socialized children and better comprehensive sex education but also more access to birth control and abortion services. And yeah, the redder states tend to have less of all the above with the result that "pregnant teenagers" isn't all that correlated with teenagers having sex." Let alone "teenagers successfully communicating, setting and honoring boundaries, waiting till they're ready.

But still. Teens in New Hampshire and pretty much all of New England are drastically less likely to become pregnant than teens in the nominally more "religious" and "traditional-family-values" deep South. And I'm... pretty sure a county-by-county map of nominally middle-of-the-road states like California, Virginia, North Carolina, and my home state of Washington would show similar differences between progressive and conservative areas.

(Via Amy Lang)


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Sweater Lint and Lollypops Don't Seem To Be Reducing America's Teen Pregnancy and STI Rates... At All

Oh for crying out loud! This isn't so much shameful as it is outrageous: for all the fucking bullshit we subject ourselves and our children to in order to "protect" teens from learning the names of the body parts they're getting pregnant with, Americans have an outrageous, even atrocious teen pregnancy rate compared to the "decadent and depraved" nations of Western Europe. Em & Lo says

Image from the website for the film Let's Talk About Sex. Cached as a bandwidth-conserving courtesy
Image from the website for the film Let's Talk About Sex.

Its title may be tired, but the documentary LET’S TALK ABOUT SEX is as relevant and necessary as ever in a country that’s schizo about sex, with teens paying the price in crazy rates of pregnancy and STDs.

Source: Em & Lo

And no, it's not because they cover up their teenage pregnancy rates because they have buy-one-get-one-free abortion on demand. Because even if that were true (rate of pregnancy being independent of the rate of live birth, miscarriage, or abortion -- all of which are higher here too) another graphic from the same site can't be wallpapered that way because it's not about pregnancy at all.

Image from the website for the film Let's Talk About Sex. Cached as a bandwidth-conserving courtesy
Image from the website for the film Let's Talk About Sex.

Ouch!

American teenagers get pregnant and contract STIs at atrocious rates because American adults keep being childish about what teenagers need to know to avoid them the first place.

And no, the blunt trauma of abstinence-only education, while evidently comforting to childish adults, doesn't seem to be the answer. It doesn't work.

In fact it doesn't even appear to work for teens who aren't ready and would prefer to wait! For that you need stuff like, oh, say, negotiation, self-assessment, confidence building, self determination, and clear boundary setting. You don't get that from classroom instruction involving sweater lint, lollypops, and shame.


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Reflections on the Relationship Between Pregnancy as the "Wages of Sin" and Contraceptive Sabotage

Anna N of Jezebel, in a post on the general state of “men’s reproductive rights” activism, raises a persistent point that… I wonder… well, let’s go with the quote first

But sometimes it’s men who shut women out. In her thorough article for The Nation on reproductive coercion (which we’ve also discussed), Lynn Harris writes of “the striking frequency with which it is in fact young men who try to force their partners to get pregnant. Their goal: not to settle down as family men but rather to exert what is perhaps the most intimate, and lasting, form of control.” She cites one study finding that 15% of sexually active young women who visited reproductive health clinics had suffered birth control sabotage by a partner, and another in which 26% of a sample of teens in abusive, sexually active relationships said their partners were “actively trying to get them pregnant.”

She said it here.

So…

I’m wondering…

Y’know how all those “pro-life” types will do just about anything to stop women from getting an abortion… or even avoiding pregnancy in the first place… except, y’know, make it actually safe, easy, inexpensive, and socially acceptable for women to, y’know, actually stay preganant, have, and raise their unplanned, unwanted pregnancies?

And how instead they try and make it, and keep it, as close to social, economic, moral, even corporal punishment as possible? How they present it as the ultimate in dependency? In sacrifice? In pain, and exhaustion, and tedium, and frustration, and helplessnes? In stigma? In shame?

So…

I’m wondering…

How much do you think all that plays into this notion of coerced pregnancy as intimate control (a.k.a. as a form of partner abuse?)

I mean…

Not to put too fine a point on it but it’s well within society’s capacity to make unplanned, unwanted children (if not pregnancy itself) not just not just not punishment, and not just easy, but downright enjoyable. In the grand scheme of things it involves beginning social investment in children’s lives just a few years earlier than we do now — call it 3-6 months before birth instead of 3-4 years after.

And it’s not like the returns on that social investment wouldn’t be appropriate — I mean, even after 18 years of exacting all those “wages of sin” from the mother on behalf of traditionalist/conservatives, those same children will spend somewhere between four and seven decades as real adults — equal with all other adults for responsibility for the world. To invest in children as future fellow citizens instead of present punishments for parents would be to reap fantastic benefits in the future.

And…

Finally…

Not to put too fine a point on it but just how enthused might callow youths be to sabotage their partners pills or to pinhole their condoms if the outcome was not lasting “who’ll love you now, bebbeh?” control but a little more respectability, more rather than less independence, and a whole lot more support?

I’m not saying let’s all go out and encourage teen pregnancy. I am, however, saying that to the extent society would like to avoid teen pregnancy and, especially to also avoid pregnancy terminations, the incentives are currently… perverse.


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One Possible Answer to the "Disappearing Boyfriend" Question: They Might Be Men, Not Boys

Summary: A brief history of teen pregnancy policy and how, long before I found this domain name, it motivated me to start blogging.

Actually I can answer part of my previous question, about whether the boyfriend is likely to disappear if his girlfriend becomes pregnant. In fact it was the second issue that made me decide to try to start a political blog, back when a domain name cost $1000 a year and a “blogging platform” meant Notepad.exe and copy of HTML for Dummies.

Again I can’t remember the source nor can I find my original notes (we’re talking mid-1990s here so they might by on a floppy disk somewhere) but…

At the time teen pregnancy rather than illegal immigration was the giant bugaboo of the right, and so of necessity of the left as well.

One data point that stood out for me was that when teenage girls become pregnant, or at least became pregnant back then, the father was overwhelmingly likely to be 10 years older than she was.

In other words the “boyfriend” wasn’t likely to be an actual boy at all!

Again, I don’t have my notes but I’m pretty sure that at least when it comes to teen pregnancy the disappearance of said “boy” friends is likely to be even more complicated.

Some years later, after domain prices and other barriers to creating websites had fallen, and, sad to say, after my original attempt at a straight-up political blog had perished in obscurity, while digging through a list of recently-expired domain names I stumbled across “realadultsex.com.” And snapped it up figuring I’d figure something to do with it. It wasn’t till a year or two after that that I finally decided to, well, start doing this!

Before all that, though, when I was just an obscure straight-up wannabe political blogger, I’d already decided that it wasn’t just a good idea to discourage sex between minors and adults, it would be good policy as well. My domain name has several meanings to me. That’s a big one.

At any rate, while I didn’t yet have much of the progressive and/or “sex-positive” and/or “3rd-wave feminist” vocabulary it seemed pretty clear to me that even if teenagers couldn’t be held accountable for teen pregnancy (a bit of a myth since, in fact, they’re often amazingly solemn in actual peer-to-peer relationships) then it might be a good idea to craft policies to reach impregnating adults instead of “slut-shaming” their juvenile partners.

As far as I know it’s still never been tried.


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Where Do Disappearing Boyfriends Come From?

Summary: Are boyfriends really “most likely to disappear” when their partners become pregnant? Fact or cultural gender messaging? And who’s decision?

Echidne of the Snakes, while doing an otherwise pitch-perfect job of countering anti-choice slippery-slopery, hits one hypothetical that seems like it might be a flat note:

If she gets pregnant, the boyfriend most likely disappears…

She said it here.

Is this true? Are boyfriends most likely to disappear when their partner gets pregnant?

Just considering a second possiblity from the considerable range of reactions I’d think the boyfriend would be at least as likely to propose marriage as disappear.

Unless, of course, by “disappear” Echidne (who’s hypothetical involves underaged, underprivileged Salvadorians) means “murdered by the girl’s family members in an attempt to defend their family’s ‘honor.’” Which, come to think of it, maybe she does mean.

Based on my own peer-counseling experiences as a teenager in southern Appalachia before Roe v. Wade was handed down relationships involving pregnancy where generally much tighter between the boy and girl themselves than between their families. And when pregnancies were discovered it tended to be the families of both teens that created the separations. And enforced them. Against the wishes of either teenager.

Anyway, what’s your first, second or third-hand experience with this sort of thing? Are boys and/or men really “most likely to disappear when their partner gets pregnant?” I mean, maybe they are! Even though I don’t think so. I’m not going to trust my cultural messaging (which would be similar to Echidne’s) nor can I trust my own non-trivial but also not statistically significant anecdotal experience (which would be that disappearances aren’t “most likely” and when they do occur are often enforced rather than desired.) Instead I just really don’t know.

Which is why I’m asking.

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For the record the rest of Echidne’s post really is cool and well-worth a read.


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Birth Mother Experience

Whatever you think about contraception, abortion, or adoption you probably want to read a guest post from an anonymous birth mother over at Milissa McEwan at Shakesville.

It’s pretty hard to decide where to begin excerpting, and besides you should probably just grab a box of tissues (for tears) and a leather strap (for gnashing your teeth in fury) and read it yourself. It’s very powerful. And, judging from comments, a real eye opener for a lot of people.

The upshot is that for all the useless blather coming out of the “pro-life,” pro-adoption community they — surprise! — don’t give a rat’s butt about birth mothers after they’ve “relinquished” their newborns. There’s virtually no support, no encouragement, and pretty much zero follow-up or acknowledgment. Despite considerable evidence that it’s… persistently and systemically traumatic. (Trivia: virtually all “counseling” begins, and ends, with reassurances that having “replacement babies” as soon as… you’re old enough to get married legally, of course… will make it all grand again. Trivia: Up to 60% of birth mothers never voluntarily become pregnant again.)

I completely understand why the “pro-life” side of the aisle keeps their lip zipped about this — if word got out rates of voluntary relinquishment would plummet. (Especially today when the stigma of keeping a child is so much lower and the support infrastructure for doing it is… relatively anyway… so well developed.) I’m sort of curious why it’s such a surprise on the progressive, pro-choice side of the fence though.

I can’t be the only person in the blogosphere who knows someone who’s surrendered a child to be raised by strangers, or to know the effect it’s had on them.

There’s certainly room in the world for adoption, and I know some darn solid parents who’ve been conscientious and clear as you can possibly be. And some rock-solid reasons why it’s sometimes not only necessary but a good idea. But adoption being superior for the birth mother (and father?) Especially considering all the hand-wringing about abortion? Once again, here’s that link.

Via Echidne.

See also:


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Taking "Playing House" To Its (Il)logical Extreme


Photo by Flickr user HoldThatTiger. Used under a Creative Commons license.

Amanda Marcotte of Pandagon, riffing off a public interview with Alaska Governor Palin’s minor daughter, points to the basic contradiction of “abstinence-only” marketing, especially as it’s presented to girls.

In other words, it’s “obvious” that you shouldn’t take the greatest step in your life that fills it with joy and perfection and bliss and did I say perfection?  Getting pregnant at 17 will complete you, girls, so don’t do it!  That trifling boyfriend of yours will, the second you get pregnant, become so devoted to you that he’ll tattoo your name on his finger, and your mother will give you a year to plan the perfect wedding you’ve been encouraged to dream about since you could first turn a page in a bridal magazine.  Having a baby in high school is so fucking great, so girls, don’t do it!

Pardon me if I find the whole situation disingenuous.

Read the quote in context here.

What’s weird about this whole business to me is that in terms of reproductive topography it’s not even a bad idea in social-theory terms to encourage young people to a) have their own children while their parents are still young enough to provide in-home support and assistance and b) parents are themselves still young enough when their children go off on their own (to grandparent their own children’s children part-time!) that, still in their own 30s, they can then launch full-blown and reproductively-unencumbered careers, lives, etc. As opposed to, say, getting up a full head of steam career-wise and then… interrupting it to go “nuclear” (family) in your 30s and then try and get back off the parent track it in your 40s or 50s (or 60s as will be the case for me!)

And not to put too fine a point on it, with such a model it really wouldn’t matter as much if one or the other parent was a massive flake or not long-term, grow-old-together compatible because… there’d still be plenty of close supporting infrastructure, not only for, say, the abandoned father but also the interested-in-resuming-dating daughter.

I’m not saying that’s the best model, but it wouldn’t be the end of the world.** If that were the conservative model. Which it manifestly also isn’t.

Instead the model seems to be to trap children in these weird double-binds that result in a) high expectations, b) sense of personal failure, c) making poor interpersonal/partner choices that d) you’re then stuck with that result in…

e) What midwife and birth instructor Penny Simpkin rather hauntingly refers to as “the empty years” where, especially if you’re a “traditional” woman, your children are out of the home and you have, basically, nothing left to live for because all you were raised to believe in was being a stay-at-home mom or a work-yourself-to-death dad.

So, sort of like Marcotte, I’m thinking would be fine if they wanted to have it one way — teenagers really are fucked up by pregnancy if they’re not really ready — or fine the other — when you get pregnant we’ll lavish you with a wedding and tons of parental support. But trying to have it both ways — if you get pregnant you’re really fucked up but we’re going to lavish you with big wedding and tons of support — just… ruins it for everybody! The joy of sex. The joy of parenting. The joy of having a career. Even the joy of grandparenting!

[** It wouldn’t even be the end of the world population-increase-wise if everyone still limited themselves to two children. In fact as long as I’m speculating wildly I suspect a start-your-life-after-kids model would actually increase interest in smaller rather than larger families. —fl]


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Effective Outreach Begins With Respect

Oh, and another excellent point by Andrea Zanin of Sex Geek — again specifically addressing ways for S&M community members to deal with abuse, but applicable way outside that single community.

2. Remember that submissives are not idiots. Anytime the idea of “protecting the poor helpless submissives / newbies” comes up, it makes my skin crawl. It is condescending and inaccurate to think that someone in the submissive or bottom role is any less likely to stand up for themselves than anyone else; any less likely to take proper precautions to protect themselves in the first place; and any less likely to know their limits, know how to defend themselves, and know how to make wise choices. They may be marginally more likely to find themselves in a vulnerable position within a scene, but this doesn’t make them airheads who can’t take a moment to think about relative risk and commonsense safety precautions.

She said it here.

What started out as just ferrying an out-of-town guest turned into an unexpected invitation to a dinner party the other night. One of the other guests was an MPA grad student who, among other things, spent a year as a caseworker working with traditionally underserved young, often undocumented women who were either pregnant or had very young children. She said the same thing I keep hearing over and over again from pretty much everybody who works with (instead of maybe tries to heroically “rescue”) new and prospective teen mothers.) Bottom line is same as Sexgeeks: they’re not idiots. In fact they’re often not just bright but very bright. To the extent there’s a problem it’s more often external to the young parents themselves.

Same with, oh, say, sex workers, undocumented immigrants, the impoverished, and other heavily “othered” demographics.

I might add that there are more than moral or ethical reasons for remembering that othered members of the “underclass” aren’t idiots, there are practical reasons as well. For instance they may not recognize themselves in our descriptions. They may resent our characterizations. And consequently they may not respond to our attempts at outreach… even, once burned, attempts that might actually be respectful and helpful.


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Failure, Unfortunately, is Not Impossible

June Carbone, guest-blogging at Feminist Law Professors says

After dramatic successes in the nineties, teen births are rising and rising most, not for those who like the Palins have the resources to support their grandchildren, but for those families who cannot support the children they already have.

The figures had been heartening. Teen pregnancy and birth rates fell dramatically during the nineties. Between 1991 and 2005, overall teen pregnancies declined by thirty-four percent. The most promising news was the decline in teen births to the most vulnerable mothers. African-Americans experienced the steepest drops with a 42 percent decline among adolescents between the ages of 15 and 19 between 1991 and 2002, and an even greater decline (an astonishing 52%) among African American girls in the 15 to 17-year-old age group.

Abortions also fell during the same period, and commentators of the right (abstinence promotion) and left (contraception) competed to claim credit. The results are now in. John Santelli, in the American Journal of Public Health, reported that 86% of the drop in teen pregnancies were the result of more effective contraception; 14% from greater abstinence.

...

This progress, however, has not been maintained. Teen births have begun to edge back up.

Read the quote in context here.

Gee, do you think the 2005 law altering federal Medicaid subsidies that doubled and tripled contraceptive prices to student and low-income clinics is helping to decrease or accelerate this trend?

It’s very nice to have confirmation that sex education works. And to have confirmation that comprehensive sex-ed covering not abstinence, yes, but (evidently far more importantly effective) use of contraception works better than abstinence-only.

It’s not so great that we’ve started falling down on the job not only in sex education and, probably more important, availability of and encouragement to use contraception, but also in matters of boundary setting, establishment of self-worth, interpersonal negotiation, and personal responsibility for all parties. I mean, remember, while women alone become pregnant it takes a woman and a man to get pregnant. Therefore every unplanned, unwanted pregnancy isn’t a single failure (as virtually all abstinence-only and too many comprehensive programs tend to emphasis) it’s a double failure.

Make that a triple failure: by failing to take the matter seriously we adults are failing our children as well.


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