traditional values

Agency Identifies 3,000 Sex Trafficking Victims in the U.S. -- Conservative Anti-Traffickers Unlikely to Care Because...

Wed, 2011-12-21 01:03

Photo by Flickr user badjonni. Cached as a bandwidth-conserving courtesy
Photo "Adelaide Zombie Walk 'Shotgun Wedding'" by Flickr user badjonni. Used under a Creative Commons license.

Now here's a topic you don't hear (nominally) anti-trafficking religious conservatives and neoconservative feminists talk much about -- forced marriage right here in the United States.* Anyway, Pamela Haag mentions a class of human beings you're not likely to see on milk cartons any time soon... but really should be looked for. (Emphasis mine.)

One morning three years ago, [the Tahirih Justice Center] received a call from a family attorney who was struggling to help a teenage girl. She was a U.S. citizen whose south Asian-born parents threatened to beat her into submitting to a forced marriage. She’d taken the “courageous step of running away to a domestic violence shelter,” Tahirih writes in a new research report. “The shelter gave her temporary refuge, but was unsure how long they could keep her there. Her parents were threatening to sue the shelter, her attorney, and anyone else who tried to help her.” In the end, the girl was returned to her parents after children’s protective services declined to get involved, seeing it as a “cultural issue.” Tahirih doesn’t know what happened to the girl after that.

But her story and an increasing number like hers was “a definite catalyst,” says Heather Heiman, a Senior Attorney at Tahirih, to turn their attention to the “serious but hidden” problem of forced marriage in the U.S.—marriages that occur “without the full and free consent of one or both parties.”

As part of their new Forced Marriage Initiative, Tahirih conducted a national survey this summer of community organizations and leaders who may have encountered forced marriages, to get a sense of the problem. Over 500 agencies in 47 states responded.

Through this and other work Tahirih has identified 3,000 known and suspected cases in just the last two years.  And that’s likely the tip of the iceberg. Two out of three respondents on their survey felt that there were forced marriage cases not being identified in the populations they work with.

Source: Big Think

Just to be clear we shouldn't assume that women from alt-cultures who seem to be coerced from our perspective would agree with our assessment. And living as we do in a nominally civilized culture where "shotgun weddings" are still remembered by older but still-living generations we shouldn't assume it's only and always an issue alt-cultures in America. But the girl in the opening paragraph, above, definitely didn't want to be part of it and as best we know her parents jacked her into it anyway. And I think it's safe to say most of the 3,000 names collected by the Tahirih Justice Center fall in the same unambiguous category.

* My guess is ultra-conservative religious groups oppose anything to do with trafficking of commercial sex workers but don't give a living fuck about forced marriage because, hey, if it ends in marriage then all's well that ends well. Meanwhile anti-trafficking nominal feminists, who've effectively sold themselves to religious-right and neocon funding sources, don't care to rock the boat.  It's still human trafficking though, and it's still sex trafficking.

Not Quite Red State vs. Blue But Close: Teen Pregnancy Rates State by State

Sat, 2011-10-22 23:36

According to the Kaiser Family Trust's State Health Facts site, New Hampshire has only ("only?") 19.8 pregnancies per 1000 teens per year. Mississippi, meanwhile, has 65.7 per 1000.

Raw numbers like these are often complicated. And sometimes fairly finger-pointingly biased against teenagers themselves. And yeah, the bluer states do tend to have not just more responsible, better socialized children and better comprehensive sex education but also more access to birth control and abortion services. And yeah, the redder states tend to have less of all the above with the result that "pregnant teenagers" isn't all that correlated with teenagers having sex." Let alone "teenagers successfully communicating, setting and honoring boundaries, waiting till they're ready.

But still. Teens in New Hampshire and pretty much all of New England are drastically less likely to become pregnant than teens in the nominally more "religious" and "traditional-family-values" deep South. And I'm... pretty sure a county-by-county map of nominally middle-of-the-road states like California, Virginia, North Carolina, and my home state of Washington would show similar differences between progressive and conservative areas.

(Via Amy Lang)

"Open Embrace," Closed Mind, and the Failure of Radical Natural Birth Control as Ideology

Fri, 2011-07-22 15:31

In a poignant, heartwrenching essay on Natural Family Planning method birth control use in the alt-conservative Protestant counterculture Sarah Morice-Brubaker of Religion Dispatches reflects on her own experience and that of a couple, Sam and Bethany Torode, who's book Open Embrace: A Protestant Couple Rethinks Contraception is a best-seller in it's small but ideologically passionate niche.

Morice-Brubaker makes the awesome case that "an ideal method for the couples who can make it work" isn't the same thing, at all, as ideal period.

I know couples who say that they’ve had a very positive experience with NFP. I don’t second-guess their reasons for saying so. There’s no reason not to take them at their word, as far as I’m concerned. But would their testimonies have made for a telling rejoinder to Oppenheimer’s column? I don’t think so.

Remember, Open Embrace does not advance the view that natural family planning might be a fun thing for married couples to try just for kicks—like a book club or dance lessons—on the off chance that you might be one of the married couples that turns out to bond over it. Open Embrace presents natural family planning as a really good thing for married couples, as such, to do. It is predicted to bring them closer. Married couples. In general. As a group.

In their early 20s, the Torodes believed they could predict this—about themselves, and about all the potential married couples who might read their book; including, presumably, couples facing mental or physical health problems, lack of support, or simple inability to reliably take body temperature at the same time every day.

So, really, the question is not: “Are there NO couples out there who ever have a positive experience avoiding artificial contraception?” Surely there are. Rather, the question is this: “Can every married couple everywhere really benefit from avoiding artificial contraception—and more to the point, who in the heck could possibly be in the position to know this?”

Source: Religion Dispatches

In other words? No.

In fact, so "no" that just a few years after writing their "classic" pean to NFP as the ultimate bonding experience the Torodes were divorced! Sam Torodes now says "I am out of the business of trying to tell people what they should do. I am out of that business for good."

Good rule for authors of parenting books to live by? Don't write a book about the success of... well, pretty much anything related to parenting or domesticity when you've only been doing it two years. And definitely don't wait only two years to start bragging about how radical, bonding, nurturing, and foolproof your controversial method of birth control method is until, you know, you've successfully managed to, say, space two pregnancies.

Say what you will about the (smug? extremist?) Duggar parents with their 20-odd children but at least they had the sense to wait till their first four children were out of high-school before starting to issue propaganda tracts about white Christian men's duty to keep their wives continuously pregnant and white Christian wive's duty to let them.

As Morice-Brubaker puts it

[A]s I read them, the authors of Open Embrace have thus presented their own “balance.” In 2002, they proffered the view that natural family planning is an inherent benefit to marriage as such, with the implication that it’s possible to honestly make such pronouncements about people’s lives whom one does not know. Now, in 2011, they’re saying that it’s more complicated than that

Yeah, that.

More Traditional Values is to Women's Blues After Sex as More Cold, Wet Bedding is to Hypothermia

Mon, 2011-04-04 14:52

Uggh! Hugo Schwyzer says

My friend Monica sent me a link to this MSNBC story: Post-coital blues plague a third of young women. Based on a very small sample of 200 young Australians, researchers at the Queensland Institute of Technology found that 1 in 3 women had felt post-intercourse melancholy at least once, and 1 in 10 experienced it regularly.

It’s easy to point out the obvious problem with the study: the sample is very small, for instance, and the focus on intercourse to the exclusion of other forms of sexual activity is problematic. But the real impact of these studies is in how the mainstream media report them, and the danger here is that a small and relatively inconclusive project can get framed as “sex makes women sad.”

Source: Hugo Schwyzer

Hugo nicely dismantles the inclination that makes conservatives say "but of course!"

I'd like to briefly dismantle the logic:

My guess is that a report saying instead that between two thirds and nine tenths of all women usually or always feel good after intercourse — or even that they just don’t feel bad — would make an awful lot of tradition mongers somewhere between unhappy and outright angry.

But let’s take the assertion as a given and spend even five seconds reflecting on how “traditional” attitudes might affect women’s experience of intercourse. I can think of three right off the bat.

First: the traditionalist model of sex as transactional — women “sacrifice” sex, gratifying their husband’s “needs” in exchange for financial and even physical support. And since under that model women’s experience of sex is intended to fall somewhere on a spectrum from the obligation to pay rent and the chore of mopping the kitchen the surprise is not that a third would feel depressed but that two thirds wouldn’t! (And let’s not even talk about the letdown women are supposed to feel if the task of “pre-marital” intercourse doesn’t shorten the time to a marriage proposal.) Ugh!

Second: there’s not much margin for success in the traditionalist model of sex as romantic fulfillment of True Love wherein if bells don’t ring, especially the first time, then something’s wrong with the relationship.

Three: in the traditionalist model of sex women aren’t the “gatekeepers” of MRA mythology but goalies against which men may only win by “scoring” or at worst tie by not scoring whereas women may only lose by being “scored” against or at best tie by preventing a score. Thus in the traditional model the same act that leads a man to celebrate leads to women’s shame.

And yet in each case the conservative traditionalist’s proposal is more tradition — more sense of fee for service, more romantic idealism, and more shame and loss. No surprise then that their proposed solution for poverty is more privation.

Screw that!

Who's More Likely to Force Jailed Fathers to Pay Child Support, Feminists or Anti-Feminists?

Wed, 2011-03-23 18:45

Despite being really, really not fond of MRAs Amanda Marcotte is actually pretty ardent about her support for men. Case in point: while she things divorced and separated men still support their children she also thinks it's evil to force indigent and imprisoned men to pay it.

There's a twist to the story, below, that I think makes the point that traditional, conservative anti-feminists are far more brutal to men than even the dead, white "radfems" of the decidedly radical 1970s. Emphasis mine.

But throwing men in jail for not paying child support is just stupidCharging men who are in prison and literally cannot make the money to pay child support for child support is just stupid. These are policies that not only hurt men that might very well intend to pay child support but can’t, but it doesn’t actually do anything to get the child support paid.  Men who can’t make money can’t pay child support, and being behind bars pretty much means you can’t hold a job.

I realize [expletive deleted] blame feminists for this, but it’s worth pointing out these backwards, punitive laws tend to be in place in anti-feminist, conservative states.  The reason behind them isn’t “feminazis out to get paid”.  It’s actually because conservatives believe that mothers are on public assistance not because they’re poor, but because they’re not married.  They still subscribe to this ridiculous notion that Mom + Dad + Baby = No Problems Ever Again, and figure that if people are struggling financially, it’s because they’re sexual deviants.  And so their child support laws are geared not towards making sure men pay for their children so much as punishing people for not being married, and punishing people for being poor.  It’s no good for the mothers, either, because they’re often expected to go to great lengths to try to get the money from the fathers before they’re permitted to get public assistance to feed their children. This is all rooted in a highly punitive view of gender roles and responsibilities, and no one benefits from it.

Source: Pandagon

I think that's about right. It is evil to hold non-custodial parents (it's not just men) responsible for child support if they're simply and legitimately unable to pay. It's particularly evil to use child support as just another way for legislators and prosecutors to pile on punishment than either law, justice, or (more to the point) penal theory would otherwise allow. And finally, as Amanda makes clear, it's also evil for social service agencies to refuse to provide assistance for children and their custodial parents (usually but not always women) when the primary-earning parent (usually but not always men) are also indigent. Or in jail.

But do check remember that not only do such laws tend to be more draconian in jurisdictions where feminism has less influence, many or most of those laws predate feminism by decades!

So once again, who really hates men? And if you were genuinely interested in men's rights, against whom would you rationally expend most of your efforts to resist their influence? In fact, who might you most logically want to form alliances to combat such oppression?

Oh, and last point?  At least in progressive jurisdictions legislators and courts, legislators, and society in general are all at least sympathetic to two crucial-to-men's-rights issues.

1) That divorce law and child support aren't strictly gendered, such that it's not enshrined that mothers stay home with children and fathers are responsible for all financial support, with the result that if a mother abandons her children or if a mother has more financial resources than the father then child support can go the other way, and

2) That opportunities exist for women such that they are economically, socially, politically, and legally capable of earning a living wage and supporting themselves and their children... or even their children and their ex-husbands if the husbands instead provided most of the primary care.

Items #1 and 2 aren't fully distributed yet, even in progressive, feminist-friendly jurisdictions, but they're a lot further along than in conservative, feminist-antagonistic ones.  Thing is, though, that traditional anti-feminists don't want women to have equal rights (these days they don't seem to want women to have rights at all!)  Such jurisdictions actively don't want men providing anything but financial support for their children (ok, maybe laudably beating them with their belts "when your father gets home.")  But sure as shittin' you're not going to find many feminists who want that for themselves or men.

 

How Long Before Republicans Try Mandating Male Circumcision?

Sat, 2011-03-19 09:41

Speaking of kick-em-while-they're-down Republican legislation you've probably already noticed the only thing more important to them than mollycoddling the super wealthy and driving the economy into the dirt is doing anything and everything to punch the hippies? No matter how petty, stupid, socially counterproductive, or, especially, fiscally irresponsible. Like, for instance, ditching paper for styrofoam cups in the Congressional cafeterias. And, of course, directing the IRS to start digging into women's underpants to see if they've used tax dollars, or tax deductions, to pay for an abortion.

Well, for those of you keeping track at home, one of the biggest victories for anti-circumcision activists (I'm a moderate activist myself) was persuading insurance companies to stop routinely paying for them as part of standard labor and delivery coverage.

Turns out that vast numbers of parents who would routinely say yes, they wanted their infant sons circumcised changed their minds when told they'd have to pay out of pocket.  (Which only goes to show how little conviction, and how much cultural inertia has been behind the completely unnecessary procedure!)

But since routine, secular, non-religiously-mandated circumcision has been "traditional" for the last 150 years or so, and since the initial motivation was to discourage masturbation,* and since its the sort of thing at would just appeal to hippie-punchers I'm curious now which one of those aching Republican rectal tears is going to introduce a bill requiring insurers to automatically cover circumcision again?

And don't think they won't do it just because it's something that happens to me.  It's a catastrophic error to imagine they have any less contempt for men than they have for women.

I'd just add one more point**: such a bill would literally be no skin off their cocks because...

Q: Why are Republicans never circumcised?
A: Because there's just no end to those pricks.

* It doesn't.
** This one's for occasional commenter tu quoque who, like me and many other MRAs and feminists is genuinely and correctly interested in ending routine, ritual genital mutilation of children of any sort for any reason.

Does Branson, MO, Charles Murray's Emblem of America's Heartland, Have as Many Swingers as San Francisco or Greenwich Village?

Mon, 2010-10-25 13:22

Unmodified partial screenshot of Branson, Missouri, tourist website
Screenshot of the first website Google turned up for the keyword “Branson, MO.” No comment on the town slogan or it’s interest in attracting “groups.”

So effete conservative snob Charles Murray (he of the Reagan-era anti-welfare tome Losing Ground) talked the equally snobby conservatives at the Washington Post into letting him snub a few liberal elites on the op-ed page last week. It begins…

The tea party appears to be of one mind on at least one thing: America has been taken over by a New Elite.

“On one side, we have the elites,” Fox News host Glenn Beck explained last month, “and the other side, we have the regular people.” The elites are “no longer in touch with what the country is really thinking,” Nevada Senate candidate Sharron Angle complained this summer. And when Delaware Senate candidate Christine O’Donnell recently began a campaign ad by saying, “I didn’t go to Yale,” she could be confident that her supporters would approve.

All this has made the New Elite distinctly touchy (see Maureen Dowd’s “Making Ignorance Chic”), dismissive (see Jacob Weisberg’s “Elitist Nonsense”) and defensive (see Anne Applebaum’s “The Rise of the ‘Ordinary’ Elite”).

“Elite?” they seem to be saying. “Who? Us?”

Source: Charles Murray in The Washington Post

He continues with cliché “you say potato, I say potato“ comparisons until reaching this exciting conclusion.

They take interesting vacations and can tell you all about a great backpacking spot in the Sierra Nevada or an exquisite B&B overlooking Boothbay Harbor, but they wouldn’t be caught dead in an RV or on a cruise ship (unless it was a small one going to the Galapagos). They have never heard of Branson, Mo.

I probably wouldn’t have picked Branson as emblematic of lowbrow Americana but Murray does. Therefore I’m going to use Branson as the example in the rest of this post.

Jeana Jorgensen of My Sex Professor went to a lecture by relationship sociologist Curtis R. Bergstrand at the Kinsey Institute. She brought back the following demographic data on swingers in America.

Bergstrand administered an online survey in 1999, with just over 1,000 participants, including questions from the General Social Survey such that many of the swingers’ answers could be compared to those of the general population.

During the course of the lecture, Bergstrand only had time to give us a partial glimpse of his data, but we learned that the swingers in his study are:

  • Around 40 years old on average (respondents ranged from 22-82 years old)
  • A wide range of occupations (some doctors and lawyers, but the bulk are miscellaneous blue collar workers)
  • Semi-educated
  • 90% white
  • Primarily Democrat (but on a liberal-conservative spectrum, tended toward the center)
  • Psychologically normal (lacking pathological traits, as has sometimes been assumed of people who veer outside monogamous normalcy)
  • Happier and more excited in their marriages than non-swingers
  • At least as devoted to their families are non-swingers

Bergstrand concluded that swinging seems to enhance strong marriages, but has negative effects on weak ones (this trend is anecdotally corroborated by people in the swinging and polyamory communities).

Source: Jeana Jorgensen of My Sex Professor

That sounds about right. It also happens to sound about like the non-elites Murray valorizes in his op-ed.

There’s a pervasive belief (among both left and right) that sexual “liberation” is and always has been limited to the elite, the effete, the overeducated, or either coast. Instead it’s as likely to occur in Charles Murray’s heart-of-America fantasy Branson, MO (which I’d imagine he’s never visited) as Berkeley, Boston, or Greenwich Village.

Aside: The following data points are totally non-scientific and they use non-orthogonal criteria* but

  • Data point #1: a small amount of tweaking still turned up at least 60 male and female OKCupid users within 25 miles of Branson who match the looking for “casual sex” or it’s loose affiliate “activity partners” who’ve been online at least once in the last year.
  • Data Point #2: according to numerous sources the population of Branson is… 6,000 people. Which isn’t the same as all the people within 25 miles. But I’m just sayin’

Anyway, I think the real takeaway from both Bergstrand’s presentation and Jorgensen’s post is the part where swinging per-se isn’t an indicator of either strong or weak relationships.

* But then I don’t recall sloppy methodology ever particularly bothered Murray in his own work.

Figleaf's Protocols for Polity #3: Never Let Unconsidered Personal Fetishes Drive Broad Social Policy.

Tue, 2010-08-10 16:33

In a lovely evisceration of Ross Douthat’s attempt to defend hetero-only marriage by claiming that men’s “natural” inclination is towards promiscuity and women’s towards hooking up with “high-status” males with the result that polygamy is most “natural”, Amanda Marcotte of Pandagon points out that

Polygamy is a logical outcome of assuming one gender is human and the other is functionally livestock to be collected and sold by the human gender.  Women didn’t invent polygamy in order to make life easier for men and their pockets fatter.  But it is amusing to realize that Douthat thinks that those Mormon polygamists marry off 12-year-old girls to 70-year-old men because this reflects a 12-year-old girl’s innate, biological (Darwinian!) desire to get it on with a wrinkly old misogynist. 

She said it here.

Great Boxes of Uncooked Macaroni! First of all, when conservative Catholics are reduced to citing evolutionary psychology to defend their homophobia they’ve pretty much already lost. (Consider, for instance Anthony McCarthy’s point that even PSI (telepathy, mindreading, UFOs, etc.) is subject to greater methodological rigor than evolutionary psychology! And take it from there!)

But if you’re going to go waddling around claiming there are gene-maximizing strategies for men and women it would be even more logical for women making free choices to have as many children as possible by as many “high status” male partners as possible so that they’d all contribute both socially and materially to her and her offspring’s well beings. (Skeptical? Me too. But see also EP arguments that women are slow to have orgasms because you “evolved” to need multiple consecutive partners to get off. Yeah, really. The math could be plausible, the etiology not so much. But I digress…)

Problem being that, Douthat’s contentions notwithstanding, that functional-livestock thing Amanda mentions means women typically have not been free to make optimal reproductive choices. Unless, I guess, you’re a woman who agrees with Maggie Gallagher and Douthat that obligatory 24/7 D/s relationships are such a great choice that everybody should be forced into one.

Reflections on the Relationship Between Pregnancy as the "Wages of Sin" and Contraceptive Sabotage

Fri, 2010-05-28 14:22

Anna N of Jezebel, in a post on the general state of “men’s reproductive rights” activism, raises a persistent point that… I wonder… well, let’s go with the quote first

But sometimes it’s men who shut women out. In her thorough article for The Nation on reproductive coercion (which we’ve also discussed), Lynn Harris writes of “the striking frequency with which it is in fact young men who try to force their partners to get pregnant. Their goal: not to settle down as family men but rather to exert what is perhaps the most intimate, and lasting, form of control.” She cites one study finding that 15% of sexually active young women who visited reproductive health clinics had suffered birth control sabotage by a partner, and another in which 26% of a sample of teens in abusive, sexually active relationships said their partners were “actively trying to get them pregnant.”

She said it here.

So…

I’m wondering…

Y’know how all those “pro-life” types will do just about anything to stop women from getting an abortion… or even avoiding pregnancy in the first place… except, y’know, make it actually safe, easy, inexpensive, and socially acceptable for women to, y’know, actually stay preganant, have, and raise their unplanned, unwanted pregnancies?

And how instead they try and make it, and keep it, as close to social, economic, moral, even corporal punishment as possible? How they present it as the ultimate in dependency? In sacrifice? In pain, and exhaustion, and tedium, and frustration, and helplessnes? In stigma? In shame?

So…

I’m wondering…

How much do you think all that plays into this notion of coerced pregnancy as intimate control (a.k.a. as a form of partner abuse?)

I mean…

Not to put too fine a point on it but it’s well within society’s capacity to make unplanned, unwanted children (if not pregnancy itself) not just not just not punishment, and not just easy, but downright enjoyable. In the grand scheme of things it involves beginning social investment in children’s lives just a few years earlier than we do now — call it 3-6 months before birth instead of 3-4 years after.

And it’s not like the returns on that social investment wouldn’t be appropriate — I mean, even after 18 years of exacting all those “wages of sin” from the mother on behalf of traditionalist/conservatives, those same children will spend somewhere between four and seven decades as real adults — equal with all other adults for responsibility for the world. To invest in children as future fellow citizens instead of present punishments for parents would be to reap fantastic benefits in the future.

And…

Finally…

Not to put too fine a point on it but just how enthused might callow youths be to sabotage their partners pills or to pinhole their condoms if the outcome was not lasting “who’ll love you now, bebbeh?” control but a little more respectability, more rather than less independence, and a whole lot more support?

I’m not saying let’s all go out and encourage teen pregnancy. I am, however, saying that to the extent society would like to avoid teen pregnancy and, especially to also avoid pregnancy terminations, the incentives are currently… perverse.

Duh! Why It's Not a Slippery-Slope From "Man-On-Man" Marriage to "Man-on-Dog" Marriage

Tue, 2010-03-16 12:17

Jeffe Fecke of Alas, a blog is as weirded out by J.D. Hayworth’s haste to leap into man-horse sex as I was earlier today.

So here’s something I don’t get: why is it that whenever people start talking about same-sex relations, members of the right instantly leap to bestiality? We all remember former Sen. Rick “Man On Dog” Santorum, R-Penn. Then there was Sen. John Cornyn, R-Texas, and his box turtle lovin’.

He said it here.

I can’t find a link at the moment but I’m pretty sure conservatives have also brought up the creepy prospect of NAMBLA members marrying juvenile boys variation as well. I can’t possibly, on the planet, be the only person to see it this way but…

The really, giant, big, distinguishing difference between grown men or women marrying each other, vs. Arizona Senate aspirants marrying their horses, is that the law already allows men and women to marry. Whereas, at least as far as I know, there are no provisions in law for horses to marry each other. Same with dogs. Same with box turtles. And for good reason. In civic if not celestial terms marriage is an establishment of fairly complex set of legal, contractual, tax, and property rights, including the establishment of legal inheritance and even powers of attorney. None of which, again to the best of my knowledge, are recognized in the case of animals.

Note: As for the NAMBLA scenario, Hayworth’s native Arizona already wisely prohibits marriage of children under the age of 18 without parental consent. Even with parental consent children can’t marry under age 16. Although, disturbingly, Arizona does permit children under age 16 to be married with the consent of the parents and approval of a superior court judge. (That last bit may be a nod to the state’s large child-marrying FLDS population.) To the extent a state wished to forestall the NAMBLA scenario they could simply update their child-marriage laws to 21st 20th Century standards. But I digress…

Point being that whereas legal marriage can (and should!) be easily extended to adults of the same sex with very trivial modifications of civic laws governing marriage adults who currently are allowed to marry each other, before people could marry animals it would first be necessary to establish all the other legal rights and responsibilities for animals that are now the domain only of humans.

Update: Although via Neatorama.com see also Injured Dog Checks Himself into Hospital. :-)

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